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MAN, THE MICROCOSM 



AND 



THE COSMOS 

BY 

ABRAHAM COLES, M.D., Ph.D. LL.D. 

EDITED BY HIS SON 



Jonathan Ackerman Coles, A.M., M.D. 



ILLUSTRATED. 



Fourth (Students') Edition. 



New York- 
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY 



1892 



; 






COPYRIGHT, l8g2, BY 

Jonathan Ackerman Coles. 



NEWARK, N. J. 
ADVERTISER PRINTING HOUSE, 

1892 



CONTENTS. 

Preface, - ° 

List of Illustrations, - - - Pa & e vn 

~ Page xi 

Faith, - & 

The Microcosm, Pa S es xm ~79 

Analysis, ------- Page xiii 

Geologic Prophecy of Man's Coming, - - Page 17 
Scriptural Anticipation of the Doctrine, Page 18 
General View— Man Supreme, - - - Pag e 20 

Christian Science, - Pa § e 2I 

Infidel Science, Pa £ e 22 

Common Sense, Pa S e 2 3 

Invocation, ------- Pa S e 2 4 

Flesh Garment-Skin, its Moral Character, Page 24 
Pathognomy, ------- Pa S e 2 5 

Interior View— Skin Dissected, - - Page 27 

Blending of Contraries-Structural Details, Page 28 
Voluntary Muscles— Their Office and Work, Page 30 
Muscular Dynamics— Directing Power 

Where? - - Pa S e 32 

Cranium— Soul's Firmament— Brain, - - Page 34 

Mind's Organ— City of the Dead, - - Page 35 

The Eye, and its Correlative, - - - Page 41 



iv CONTENTS. 

Light has no Manifesting Power without 

the Eye, Page 41 

Light lost in the Eye reappears in the 

Consciousness, ------ Page 43 

Tears — Sleep, its Resuscitating Power — 

Organic Life, ------ Page 44 

Spiritual Analogies, ... Page 47 
Congenital Blindness — Awards of the Last 

Day, Page 48 

Asylums for the Blind, - Page 49 
Asylums for the Deaf and Dumb, - - Page 50 
Hearing — Power of Sound — Music of Nature, Page 51 
Music of Art — Instrumental and Vocal, - Page 52 
Voice — Air of Expiration, its Transmuta- 
tions, ------- Page 53 

Speech, Accountable Self-recording — Math- 
ematical Problem, ----- Page 55 

Its Social Uses— The Word made Flesh, Page 56 
Articulation — Nose— Mouth — Smell — Taste, Page 57 
Smell — Odors, Their Subtlety and Impon- 
derability, - Page 58 

Breath of Life, Natural and Spiritual, Page 59 

Theopneusty, Page 59 

Taste — Elimination and Waste — Nothing 

Lost, - - - Page 60 

Human Want and Divine Supply, - - Page 62 



CONTENTS. V 

Lord's Prayer — Hodiernal Bread — Hygienic 

Wisdom, ------- Page 64 

Ingestion — Digestion — Assimilation, - Page 65 

Heart — Circulation — Nutrition — Blood Ex- 
hilarations, ...... Page 67 

Heart — Seat of the Affections — Visceral 

Modifications, ----- Page 69 

Woman— Sex — Unity in Difference, - - Page 70 

Love of the Sexes — Ends Answered, - Page 71 

True Love — Spurious Love, - - - Page 73 

Charity — Physician — Opiferque per Orbem 

Dicor, Page 75 

Nosology — Auscultation of Heart and 

Lungs, Page 76 

Physician's Character and Aims — Science 

Progressive, Page 77 

Spiritual Maladies — Christ the Great Phy- 
sician, - - - - ... Page 78 

Death — Immortality, - - - - - Page 79 

The Cosmos, ------ Pages 81-110 

Psalm CIV — First Version, - - - - Page 83 

Psalm CIV — Second Version, - Page 92 

God in Nature, Page 99 

Morning Hymn, ----- Page 107 

Works of Abraham Coles, ... Page in 



vi CONTENTS. 

Critics and Criticisms, .... Page 115 

Richard Grant White; Rev. Samuel Irenaeus Prime, D. D.; Wm. 
Cullen Bryant; James Russell Lowell; "Christian Quarterly Re- 
view;" ''The Boston Transcript;" Lady Jane Franklin; William 

C. Prime; Rev. Philip Schaff, D. D.; "The Republican," Spring- 
field; George Ripley, the New York "Tribune;" Rev. James 
McCosh, D. D.; Hon. Richard Stockton Field; Newark "Adver- 
tiser;" Edmund C. Stedman; Rev. Robert Turnbull, D. D.; John 
G. Whittier; Rev. S. I. Prime, D. D.; George Ripley, New York 
"Tribune;" Rev. James McCosh, D. D. 

Gov. Daniel Haines; Rev. George Dana Boardman, D. D. ; Rev. 
Charles Hodge, D. D.; Hon. Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen; 
Prof. Robert Lowell, D. D.; Prof. Stephen Alexander; Oliver 
Wendell Holmes; William Cullen Bryant; Chancellor Henry Wood- 
hull Green; Charles H. Spurgeon. 

Hon. William Earl Dodge; Thomas Gordon Hake, M. D. ; New 
York "Observer;" the New York "Times;" "The Critic;" John 
Y. Foster; Hon. Justin McCarthy; the "Examiner and Chronicle;" 
Hon. Horace N. Congar; Rev. William Hague, D. D.; Newark 
"Advertiser;" Rev. George Dana Boardman; Rev. A. S. Patton. 

D. D.; Hon. Joseph P. Bradley; John G. Whittier. 

The Rt. Hon. John Bright, M. P.; Rev. H. G. Weston, D. D. 
Rev. Horatius Bonar, D. D.; Rev, Alexander McLaren, D. D. 
Adele M. Fielde; Elizabeth C. Kinney; "The Book Buyer,' 
Charles Scribner's Sons; Rev. Theodore L. Cuyler, D. D.; the New 
York "Tribune;" Rev. Frederic W. Farrar, D. D., F. R. S. ; Rev. 
A. H. Tuttle, D. D.; Rev. Charles S. Robinson, D. D.; Hon. 
George Hay Stuart; Rev. D. R. Frazer, D. D.; Charles M. Davis; 
Rev. A. H. Lewis, D. D.; S. W. Kershaw, F. S. A.; J. K. Hoyt; 
Rev. George Dana Boardman, D. D.; Rev. Lewis R. Dunn, D. D.; 
Rev. Asahel C. Kendrick, D. D.; George MacDonald; Rev. Philip 
Schaff, D. D. ; the " New York Tribune;" the "Newark Daily 
Advertiser ;" the Rev. Robert S. Mac Arthur, D. D.; the Rev. Ed- 
ward Judson, D.D.; Bishop John H. Vincent, D.D., LL.D.; the Rt. 
Rev. Phillips Brooks, D.D., LL.D.; the Rt. Rev. John Williams, 
D.D., LL.D. 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 

J Abraham Coles, Steel Portrait, by Alexander 

Hay Ritchie, - - - - Frontispiece. 

The Transfiguration. By Raphael Sanzio. 

Opp. page xi. 

Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio) was born in Urbino. Italy, on Good 
Friday, March 28, 1483. and died of fever in Rome on Good Friday, 
April 6. 1520, aged thirty-seven. His body was laid out in state by 
the side of his unfinished "Transfiguration." which was subse- 
quently carried in his funeral procession through the streets of 
Rome, to the Pantheon, where his remains were placed near those 
of Maria di Bibbiena, to whom he had been betrothed, a niece of 
a cardinal by that name. Of his private character, Mrs. Jame- 
son says- " No earthly renown was ever so unsullied by reproach, 
so justified by merit, so confirmed by concurrent opinion, so 
established by time." 

" The "Transfiguration," now in the Vatican gallery, was Raphael s 
last and is by many considered his grandest work. In the 
upper part he has represented Christ as hovering between Moses 
and Elias; representing respectively the old Law and the old proph- 
ecies- Peter, James and John are seen prostrate on the ground, 
dazzled by the light, and to the left St. Lawrence and St. Juhen, 
(according to some St. Stephen). 

"There is " says Mrs. Jameson, "a sort of eminence or plat- 
form, but no perspective, no attempt at real locality, for the scene 
is revealed as in a vision, and the same soft transparent light 
envelopes the whole. This is the spiritual life, raised far above 
the earth, but not yet in heaven. Below is seen the earthly lie, 
poor humanity struggling helplessly with pain, infirmity and death. 
The father brings his son, the possessed, or as we should now say, 
the epileptic boy. * * * It is, in truth, a fearful approximation 
of the most opposite things; the mournful helplessness, suffering 
and degradation of human nature, the unavailing pity, are placed 



viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 

in immediate contrast with spiritual light, life, hope — nay, the very 
fruition of heavenly rapture." 

Salvator Mundi, .... Opp page 81. 

"Sic Deus Dilexit Mundum." 

Painted by Carlo Dolci, (born in Florence 1616, died there 1686). 
Engraved by Raffaello Sanzio Morghen, (born in Florence 1758 
died there 1833). 

"When came the Great Physician of the Skies, 
To find a remedy that should suffice, 
Knowing 'twas not in mineral or wood, 
He sought it in a Pharmacy of Blood: 
And since none other but His own was pure, 
He transfused that to consummate the cure. 
Man curing when past cure — content to give 
Himself to die to make His patient live." — p. 79. 

• The "Aurora." By Guido Reni (1575-1642). 

Opp. page 104. 

This painting on the ceiling of the Casino of the Rospigliosi 
palace, at Rome, is celebrated as "the artist's finest work." Aurora, 
the goddess of the dawn, is represented as strewing flowers before 
the chariot of Apollo, who is surrounded by seven dancing Hours 
(Horae), "who had charge of the gates of Heaven and the Seasons." 

Prevenient splendors run along the sky, 

The East each moment brightens more and more 

As nears the jeweled Chariot of the Sun 

Where rides in awful state the King of Day. — p. 104. 



THE MICROCOSM. 

"KNOW THYSELF." 



"It is most true that of all things in the universe man is the 
most composite, so that he was not without reason called by the 
ancients Microcosm, or the little world (Mundus Minor)" — Bacon. 

"What a piece of work is Man! How noble in reason! how 
infinite in faculties ! in form and moving, how express and admir- 
able ! in action, how like an angel! in apprehension, how like a 
God !" — Shakespeare. 

"I esteem myself as composing a solemn hymn to the Author 
of our bodily frame, and in this I think there is more true piety 
than in sacrificing to Him hecatombs of oxen, or burnt offerings of 
the most costly perfumes, for I first endeavor to know Him myself, 
and afterwards to show Him to others, to inform them how great is 
His wisdom, His virtue, His goodness." — Galen. 

"I will praise Thee; for I am fearfully and wonderfully made." 
— David. 



PREFACE. 

rpHE following Poem was delivered before the Med- 
-*" ical Society of New Jersey at its Centennial Meet- 
ing, held in Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J., 
January 24, 1866. Prepared amid the hurry and distrac- 
tions of other duties, and with special reference to the 
demands and limitations of the occasion, the Poem, as 
originally delivered, fell short of the author's design, 
which was to produce, if possible, a tolerably complete 
compendium of that noblest, most necessary, and yet, 
strange to say, that most neglected of all the sciences- 
Anthropology— relieved of some of the dryness belong- 
ing to the ordinary modes of presentation. 

The hope of supplying in some measure existing 
deficiencies, led the author, after the manuscript had 
passed into the hands of the printer, to avail himself of 
the short intervals which transpired between the receiv- 
ing and returning of the proofs, to castigate some parts 



li PREFACE. 

and expand others not sufficiently developed, so that 
besides alterations there have been additions to the 
amount of two hundred lines and more since that first 
reading. He regrets that the hurry of the press joined 
to the hurry arising from other causes, afforded so little 
opportunity for putting in practice the sound inculca- 
tion of Horace, concerning the duty of delay and care- 
ful finish: limce labor et mora. With more time at his 
disposal, he thinks he could have done better justice to 
the fine capabilities of a subject, which the writers of 
verse, ransacking heaven and earth for a theme, have 
hitherto for the most part strangely overlooked. This 
remarkable omission is the more to be wondered at, 
because many of our best poets have been physicians; 
and for some reason or other 

" the wise of ancient days adored 
One power of Physic, Melody and Song." 

Dr. Armstrong's well-known Poem in four books, 
written in blank verse, and first published in 1744, 
entitled, " The Art of Preserving Health," does, indeed, 
treat partially and incidentally of physiological 



PREFACE. Hi 

matters, and may therefore be regarded as forming 
in some sort an exception to the general rule of 
neglect affirmed above. It has for its topics— Air, 
Diet, Exercise and the Passions— discussed of course, 
in conformity with the design of the Poem, according 
to their sanitary bearings, each forming the subject 
of a separate book. The work was everywhere read 
and admired; and remains to this day, according to 
the poet Campbell, " the most successful attempt in our 
language to incorporate material science with poetry." 
While the critic admits that "the practical maxims of 
science, which the Muse has stamped with imagery and 
attuned to harmony, have so far an advantage over 
those delivered in prose, that they become more agree- 
able and permanent acquisitions of the memory," he, in 
common with others, seems to think, that there inhere 
in such subjects, nevertheless, difficulties of a most 
formidable kind, a perversity and stubbornness of 
nature, which are never overcome except by some rare 
felicity of fortune or surprising exertion of genius. 
Hence he says: "the author's Muse might be said to 
show a professional intrepidity in choosing her subject- 



iv PREFA CE 

and, like the physician, to prolong the simile, she 
escaped on the whole with little injury. * * * What 
is explained of the animal economy is obscured by no 
pedantic jargon, but made distinct and to a certain 
degree picturesque to the conception." So too in his 
final summing up of the merits of the Poet, he does not 
fail to emphasize that special one, due " to the hand 
which has reared poetical flowers on the dry and dif- 
ficult ground of philosophy." 

But there is another and much older example of this 
morganatic marriage, as some might call it, between 
poetry and natural science — one antedating the Chris- 
tian era and the time of Virgil. Lucretius, born in the 
year before Christ 95, composed a Latin poem in heroic 
hexameters, entitled De Re rum Natura. It is divided 
into six books; and is based on the doctrines of Epi- 
curus, who taught that the world was formed from a 
fortuitous concourse of atoms. 

The first two books expound the nature and proper- 
ties of these ultimate atoms or seeds of things, varying 
in shape and infinite in number, moving in void space 
infinite in extent, with great swiftness, some in right 



PREFACE. V 

lines, others declining therefrom, until united to each 
other after innumerable tentative contacts, all the ob- 
jects in the universe are generated — which objects form 
the subject matter of the remaining four books. 

The third book is taken up with a description of the 
mind (animus) and soul (anima) maintaining that both 
are corporeal, acting on the body by material impact ; 
that the substance of the mind and soul is not simple, 
'but composed of four subtle elements — heat, vapor, air, 
and a nameless fourth substance on which sensibility 
depends, and is, so to speak, the soul of the soul; that 
the soul cannot be separated from the body without 
destruction to both, and that death is the end of man. 

The fourth book treats of the senses, averring that 
images* of exquisite subtlety are constantly emitted 
(shed, peeled off as it were) from the surface of objects, 

* Democritus first, Epicurus afterwards called these elduXa nal 
Tvnovc, i. e. eidola and types; Cicero, images; Quintilian, figures; 
Catius, spectres; Lucretius, effigies, images, simulacra, species, 
figures, exuviae, spoils, quasi membranes, cortices, etc. Epicurus 
and Lucretius supposed spectres of the dead to be pellicles thrown 
off from corpses which were so thin as to pass through coffins and 
all other obstructions. 



vi PREFACE. 

which flying everywhere and impinging on the organs 
of sight produce vision; that voice and sound are cor- 
poreal images, (as proved by their abrading the throat 
after long or loud speaking,) which strike the ear and 
produce hearing. Taste and odors are accounted for; 
and imagination and thought traced to images which 
penetrate the body through the senses. Sleep is next 
spoken of, and the various causes of dreams — the book 
closing with a discourse on love and matters pertaining 
thereto. 

The fifth book treats of the origin of the world — 
land, sea, sky, sun, stars, the movements of the heavens, 
the changes of the seasons and the progress of man, 
society, institutions and sciences — while the sixth 
book, being the last, attempts an explanation of the 
most striking natural appearances, such as lightning, 
thunder, clouds, rainbow, snow, wind, hail, earthquakes 
and volcanoes, concluding with a discourse on diseases, 
and a learned and elegant description of a pest which 
in the time of the Peloponnesian war desolated Athens. 

The philosophy of this celebrated Poem is of course 
false and absurd, but in regard to its poetical merit 



PREFACE. vii 

there can be but one opinion. The poet's mastery over 
his materials is complete. Under his magic touch, 
speculations the most abstruse and technicalities the 
most refractory, lose their intractableness, and are con- 
verted into forms of exquisite beauty and grace. Great, 
undoubtedly, are the attractions of a virgin theme. It 
added to the rapture of Milton, " soaring in the high 
reason of his fancy with his garland and singing robes 
about him," the knowledge that he pursued 

"Things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme." 

So Lucretius, in the opening lines of the fourth book, 
does not conceal his satisfaction that he is first in the 
field: 

"Avia Pieridum peragro loca, nullius ante 
Trita solo: juvat integros adcedere funteis 
Atque haurire; juvatque novos decerpere flores, 
Insignemque meo capiti petere inde coronam, 
Unde prius nulli velarint tempora Musae."* 

* The Muses' pathless places I explore, 
Worn by the sole of no one's foot before : 
'Tis sweet to untouched fountains to repair 
And drink; 'tis sweet to pluck new flowers; and there 
To seek a famous chaplet for my brow 
Whence have the Muses veiled no head till now. 

The literalness of this translation must atone for its lack of elegance. 



viii PREFACE. 

The author of the Microcosm, enjoying, in common 
with these great masters of song, the felicity of a sub- 
ject unprofaned by previous handling, regrets that he 
does not possess their power to do it justice. He thinks 
it strange — that while amid the ignorances and the vani- 
ties of a false philosophy two thousand years ago, the 
poet's heart, instinctively discerning the excellent 
beauty there is in God's works, veras pulchritudines rerum, 
was stirred to sing, and in such a manner as to charm 
the ear of the world 

" Principio ccelum ac terras, camposque liquentes, 
Lucentemque globum lunae, titaniaque astra 
Spiritus intus alit; totamque infusa per artus 
Mens agitat molem et magno se corpore miscet " — 

no one has been found in these last days, after so long 
waiting, sufficiently kindled and inspired by the excit- 
ing discoveries and revelations of modern science, to 
undertake the task of lifting them into the sphere of 
poetry, and glorifying them with its light. If there is 
nothing so mean but it has a divine side — if materials 
for poetry be not wanting in the most common things, 
a floating cloud, a spear of grass, or a handful of dust 



PREFA CE. ix 

even — how much more may this be said of so lofty a 
subject as Man, " the mirror of the power of God " 
reflecting His Maker's image in every part, in the 
minutest blood-disk and elementary cell, no less than 
in the complex whole of his most wonderful organism! 
In short, if it be the proper business of Poetry to deal 
with subjects of human interest, what can be more 
human than humanity itself? Or if its high aim be to 
discover throughout creation the dazzling tokens of the 
Beautiful, the to nakov which is only another name for 
the Divine, where else in all the universe do the shin- 
ing footprints of the First Good and the First Fair 
appear so radiant or so recent as in His last and crown- 
ing work, the Human Form ? The failure of the 
present attempt to show it, would prove nothing 
against the grand poetic possibilities of such a theme. 
Still it would be true 

" How charming is divine philosophy ? 

Not harsh, and crabbed, as dull fools suppose, 
But musical as is Apollo's lute, 
And a perpetual feast of nectared sweets 
Where no crude surfeit reigns." 




TRANSFIGURATION. 

"Bt transfiguratus est ante eos, .:vni 2 

I Body . . did ens' ■ 

1-racioue Q ] i did 

Thy:-: i) 24 



FAITH. 

The world is full of pain; 

Fierce sickness binds it fast; 
And none can break the chain, 

That sin has round it cast: 
Philosophy essays, 

And science goes about 
In many bootless ways, 

To cast the demon out: 
They magnify th' unchanging reign of law, 
And preach the gospel of the tooth and claw.* 

Ne'er wizard wove a spell 

That could the fiend eject; 
But Faith the miracle 

Can easily effect: 
What not the Law could do, 

Through weakness of the flesh, 
This strong is to renew, 

And nature mould afresh: 
Can bring down Heaven to exorcise my grief — 
" Lord, I believe, help Thou my unbelief ! " 

*To men that "bite and devour one another," the Agnostic assurance, that 
what they do is but the normal and necessary outcome of the predatory instinct 
which they possess in common with all beasts of prey, may be comforting, but can 
hardly be deemed reformatory. If the primitive man was all beast in his origin 
and development, it is difficult to see, why he is more to blame than lions and 
tigers in obeying the promptings of his nature. Infidel science prides itself on its 
microscope and telescope, but finds no use for moral and spiritual lenses by which 
God is discovered and the infinite sweep of moral law is discerned. 



ANALYSIS. 

The Poem begins with speaking of Man as the Arche- 
type or ideal exemplar of all animals, whose coming 
was foretold in a long series of Geologic prophecies 
from the creation of the paleozoic fishes ; and then 
passes to notice a remarkable anticipation of this 
accepted doctrine of modern science in the 139th Psalm 
— Owen, Agassiz and other great lights of Comparative 
and Philosophical Anatomy agreeing in this — that 
while man was the last made he was the first planned 
of all animals — it being easy to trace even in the fins of 
the fish, a marked resemblance in structure to the bones 
composing the human arms of which they are homo- 
logues — fins, in other words, being imperfect arms, arms 
in their most rudimentary condition. 

In speaking of the supreme dignity of the human 
form, viewed as a whole, and of man existing in God as 
well as of God, occasion is taken to animadvert upon 
the atheistic tendency of certain materialistic teachings. 
After which the component parts of the Human Body 
are taken up in detail, beginning with — I. the Skin, as 



xiv ANALYSIS. 

its outermost covering and face, (expressing the pas- 
sions, &c.,) composed of three layers. Below the Skin 
lie — II. the Muscles, the Organs of Motion, directed by 
the Will, acting through nervous channels of communi- 
cation with — III. the Brain, as the Common Sensory, 
and seat of this, and the other Faculties of the Mind, 
such as the Understanding, the Religious Sense, Mem- 
ory, Imagination and Conscience. A secretory function 
is attributed to the great Ganglions of the Brain (the 
Gray Substance) of a hypothetical Nervous Fluid 
which fills the whole body. 

The Mind being dependent for its perceiving power 
on the Organs of the Senses, leads to a consideration 
of — IV. the Eye in its relation to Light, also to Tears 
and Sleep. After glancing at the analagous relations 
subsisting between the Soul and Truth, mention is 
made of the Founders of Asylums for the Blind ; also 
of Asylums for the Deaf and Dumb. Next comes — V. 
the Ear in its relation to Sound and Music ; and then 
by a natural transition — VI. the Human Voice, as being 
the most perfect of musical instruments. The Mouth 
and Nose, being concerned in Articulation, brings up — 
VII. Taste, and — VIII. Smell. The final cause of Taste 
being the repair of the Waste the body is constantly 



ANAL YSIS. XV 

undergoing, there follows a description of — IX. Inges- 
tion, Digestion and Assimilation. The Chyle received 
into the Blood is conveyed to the right side of the 
Heart, which, besides being the grand Organ of — X. 
the Circulation and indirectly of Nutrition, is the 
reputed seat of — XI. the Affections, and stands in 
general speech as a synonym of Love under its mani- 
fold manifestations. 

Having noticed the coloring or modifying power of 
the Viscera in giving Love its distinctive character, as 
exemplified in Maternal Love and the Love of the 
Sexes, occasion is taken to speak of — XII. Woman, as 
distinguished from Man. Of Charity, which is Love 
in action, or Love viewed in its practical aspect, an 
apt illustration is found in the devotion and self- 
denying labors of — XIII. the Conscientious Physician. 
Reference is made to — XIV. Christ as the Great 
Physician of Souls; and to — XV. Death in that as- 
pect of brightness which it bears to the believer. 



THE MICROCOSM, 



Tvoodi ffeavrov. 



Geologic Prophecy of Alans Coming. 

OWHAT a solemn and divine delight 
To pierce the darkness of primeval night — 
Through countless generations upward climb 
To the first epochs of beginning time ; 
Back, through the solitude of ages gone, 
To the dim twilight of Creation's dawn ; 
To the dread genesis of heaven and earth, 
When pregnant Deity gave Nature birth ; 
Borne on swift pinions, till our feet we place 
Upon the undermost granitic base 
Of the round world ; and, awe-struck, standing there, 
Where all is lifeless, desolate and bare, 
2 



S THE MICROCOSM. 

Behold the forming of earth's upper crust, 
Built up of atoms of once living dust ; 
Layer on layer rising, rock on rock, 
Through lapse of years that numeration mock; 
Where lie, in stony sepulchres forgot, 
Gigantic organisms that now are not ; 
And all the various forms of life prevail, 
From low to high, in an ascending scale, — 
Mollusk and fish, then reptile, and then bird, 
So on to mammal, each o'er each interred — 
All pointing forward, in the eternal plan, 
To the ideal, archetypal MAN ! 

Scriptural A?iticipatio?i of the Doctrine. 

How oft, what's plain and patent in the Word 
Is by slow Science painfully inferred ! 
The truth she took long centuries to unfold, 
Had she but known it, was already told. 
See, with what ease the Psalmist now unlocks 
The secret of the paleozoic rocks ; 
Inspiring insight given him, to see 
The drift and meaning of the mystery ; 
His, the discoveries of modern boast, 
By revelation of the Holy Ghost ; 



THE MICROCOSM. 1 9 

In correspondence, literally exact 
With geologic inference and fact, 
O'erwhelmed with fear and wonder, hear him speak :* 

"O Omnipresent One ! in vain I seek 
To bound Thy being, get beyond Thee, go 
Where Thou, the Infinite, art not,— Oh, no ! 
If I ascend to heaven, I find Thee ; or in hell 
I make my bed, I find Thee there as well ; 
There is no hiding place from Thee ; yea, in the dark 
Thou seest me, nor need'st the sun — that spark 
Which the insufferable splendor of Thine eye 
Did kindle — to reveal me or descry ; 
Thou hast possessed my reins ; didst give me room, 
Growth and development in my mother's womb ; 
My substance was not hid from Thee, when I 
Was made in secret, and was curiously 
In the earth's lowest parts and strata wrought ; 
My perfect whole, was present to Thy thought 
While yet imperfect, and, in Nature's book 
My members were prefigured ; each thing took 
My embryonic likeness ; fish's fin, 
By virtue of relationship and kin, 

* Psalm cxxxix. 



) THE MICROCOSM, 

Predicted me ; ages before I came, 

The Ichthyosaurus prophesied the same ; 

Entrails of beast, and wing of bird, supplied 

Aruspicy and augury, nor lied. 

Thy works, how marvellous ! Thy hands began, 

And wrought continually to make me man. 

In all the grand ascent of Nature's stair, 

O unforgetting God ! I've been Thy care : 

How precious are Thy thoughts to me — their count 

Is as the sand, an infinite amount !" 

General View — Man Supreme. 

O thou, made up of every creature's best, 
The summing up and monarch of the rest ! 
Thy high-raised cranium, — vaulted to contain 
The big and billowy and powerful brain, 
While that a scanty thimbleful, no more, 
Belongs to such as swim or creep or soar; 
Thy form columnar, sky-ward looking face,* 
Majestic mien, intelligence and grace, 
Thy foot's firm tread, and gesture of thy hand 



* " Pronaque cum spectant animalia caetera terram, 
Os homini sublime dedit : ccelumque videre 
Jussit, et erectos ad sidera tollcre vultus." — 0?'iW. 



THE MICROCOSM. 21 

Proclaim thee ruler, destined to command. 

A little lower than the angels made, 

Dominion, glory, worship on thee laid, 

I praise not thee, but honor and applaud 

The handiwork and masterpiece of God. 

Fearful and wonderful, and all divine, 

Where two worlds mingle, and two lives combine — 

A dual body, and a dual soul, 

Touching eternity at either pole — 

The tides of being, circling swift or slow, 

'Tween mystic banks that ever overflow, 

Exist not severed from the Fountain-head, 

But whence they rise, eternally are fed : 

Our springs are all in God; from Him we drink, 

Live, move, and have our being, feel and think. 

Christian Science. 

I value Science — none can prize it more — 
It gives ten thousand motives to adore. 
Be it religious, as it ought to be, 
The heart it humbles, and it bows the knee; 
What time it lays the breast of Nature bare, 
Discerns God's fingers working everywhere ; 
In the vast sweep of all embracing laws, 



t THE MICROCOSM. 

Finds Him the real and the only Cause ; 
And, in the light of clearest evidence, 
Perceives Him acting in the present tense — 
Not as some claim, once acting but now not, 
The glorious product of His hands forgot, 
Having wound up the grand automaton, 
Leaving it, henceforth, to itself to run. 

Infidel Science. 

If I mistake not, 'tis in this consists 
The common folly of the specialists. 
Bigots of sense, they, with unwearied pains 
Searching for soul, find something they call brains \, 
Happy the mystery of life to tell, 
By help of glasses, they announce a cell ; 
And thereupon they would the world persuade 
They know exactly how that man is made ; 
'Tween nought and nought, his origin and end, 
A cell is all, and all on this depend ; 
They pare his being, make it less and less, 
Until they reach the goal of nothingness. 
Their boasted methods failing to find out 
The soul's high essence, they affect to doubt ; 
To their own notions obstinately wed, 



THE MICROCOSM. 2 3 

They vainly seek the living 'mong the dead ; 

By learning mad, these noodles of the schools 

Are but a kind of higher class of fools. 

Who follows matter through its countless shapes, 

While still it vanishes and still escapes ; 
O'er eagerly pursues the flying feet 
Of natural causes farther than is meet, 
Losing all trace, and drawing thence too near, 
Into the bottomless obscure falls sheer ; 
With atheistic cant, then God ignores, 
And turns the Maker fairly out of doors ; 
Deems certainties of consciousness weigh less 
Than the presumptions of a learned guess. 

Common Sense. 

Presumptuous though it be, I, with a calm 
Audacity of faith, believe I am ; 
Nor venture with a Maker to dispense, 
But trust the sanities of Common Sense ; 
Hold life, despite of failure to extract, 
A thing of firm reality and fact ; 
Accept the truth, engraven on my heart, 
I have a spiritual and immortal part. 
If this great universe is a deceit, 



24 THE MICROCOSM. 

I am not able to detect the cheat ; 
Nor dare I tell the Author of the Skies 
That He has built on rottenness and lies. 

Invocation. 

Dear God ! this Body, which, with wondrous art 
Thou hast contrived, and finished part by part, 
Itself a universe, a lesser all, 
The greater cosmos crowded in the small — 
I kneel before it, as a thing divine ; 
For such as this, did actually enshrine 
Thy gracious Godhead once, when Thou didst make 
Thyself incarnate, for my sinful sake. 
Thou who hast done so very much for me, 

let me do some humble thing for Thee ! 

1 would to every Organ give a tongue, 
That Thy high praises may be fitly sung ; 
Appropriate ministries assign to each, 
The least make vocal, eloquent to teach. 

Flesh Garment — Skin, its Moral Character. 

How beautiful, and delicate, and fresh, 
Appear the Soul's Habiliments of Flesh ! 
How closely fitting, easy yet, and broad, 



THE MICROCOSM. 2 5 

Each Tissue woven in the loom of God ! 

Compared with that magnificence of dress, 

Wherewith is clothed the Spirit's nakedness, 

O how contemptible and mean a thing, 

The purple and fine linen of a king ! 

The spotless vesture of the silky Skin, 

Outside of all, and covering all within, 

With what a marvellous and matchless grace, 
Is it disposed and moulded to each place ; 
Bounding and beautifying brow and breast, 
A crowning loveliness to all the rest ! 
Endowed with wondrous properties of soul 
That interpenetrate and fill the whole — 
A raiment, moral, maidenly and white, 
Shamed at each breach of decency and right, 
Where dwells a charm above the charms of sense, 
Suggestive of the soul's lost innocence. 

Pathognomy. 

Who has not seen that Feeling, born of flame,* 
Crimson the cheek at mention of a name ? 
The rapturous touch of some divine surprise 

* Aristotle calls Love, " tl Otpubv npdy/Lia "-a certain fiery thing. 



26 THE MICROCOSM. 

Flash deep suffusion of celestial dyes ; 

When hands clasped hands, and lips to lips were pressed, 

And the heart's secret was at once confessed ? 

Lo, the young mother, when her infant first 
Gropes for the fountain whence to quench its thirst ; 
With outstretched tiny hands, to eager lips 
Conveys the nipple, and the nectar sips ; — 
As on her yearning breast, she feels the warm 
Delicious clasp of its embracing arm, 
How thrills the bosom, and how streams the wine ! 
How her frame trembles with a Joy divine ! 

Not Joy, not Love alone here take their rise, 
The chosen seat of mighty sympathies ; 
Electric with all life, Religious Awe 
Here holds its empire and asserts its law. 
At dead of night when deep sleep falls on men, 
Terror and trembling came upon me ; then 
A spirit passed before my face ; the hair 
Stood up upon my shuddering flesh — and there 
Was silence — all my bones did shake — 
A voice the preternatural stillness brake : 
"Shall mortal man, whose origin is dust, 
Arraign his Maker, claim to be more just?" 

Contending Passions jostle and displace 



THE MICROCOSM. 



27 



And tilt and tourney mostly in the Face ; 
Phantasmagoric shapes appear and pass, 
Distinctly pictured in that magic glass ; 
Their several natures, instantly imbued 
With the complexion of the changeful mood- 
Ashes of Grief, and pallor of Affright, 
Blackness of Rage, and Hatred's wicked white, 
The immortal radiance of Faith and Hope, 
Like that which streamed on Stephen's from the cope ; 
The hidden depths of being, stirred below, 
Thoughts, passions, feelings, upward mount for show ; 
Unmatched by Art, upon this wondrous scroll 
Portrayed are all the secrets of the Soul ; 
Upon this palimpsest, writ o'er and o'er, 
Each passing hour is busy penning more ; 
Events, that make the history within, 
There published on the surface of the Skin. 

Interior View—Skin Dissected. 

What lies below this beautiful outside ? 
What proofs of power and wisdom does it hide? 
To eyes instructed and divinely keen, 
The Shekinah, the Cherubim between, 
Was not more visible than the Godhead here, 



28 THE MICROCOSM. 

Nor spake more audibly to human ear. 
For from the centre to this far extreme, 
And corporal shore of being, Love supreme 
Its miracles magnificent has wrought, 
Embodying the Maker's perfect thought. 

Would you explore the Mysteries of Life ? 
Dissect in fear, use reverently the knife — 
All was made sacred to some holy use, 
Whate'er the profanations of abuse — 
Cut not with blundering and careless hand, 
If you the fleshly maze would understand ; 
For that the task is difficult, it needs 
The skill and knowledge which experience breeds. 

Blending of Contraries — Structural Details. 

Now that the Dermal Covering is cut through, 
And its interior structure brought to view, 
Pause, if you will, and let your aided sight 
Peruse the wonders of Creative Might. 
Admire the skill that can in one combine 
A Sensibility and a Touch so fine — 
Making the Skin throughout the purpose serve 
Of one ubiquitous great surface nerve, 
That finest needle, would it entrance gain, 



THE MICROCOSM. 29 

Must pierce the sense and stab the soul with pain ; 

AVhere camping armies of papillae wait, 

Manning each fortress, guarding every gate, 

Armed at all points, and vigilant as fear, 

To sound th' alarm when danger hovers near — 

And yet, despite this nicety of sense, 

Formed for coarse uses, and for rough defense ; — 

An imbricated Armor, scale on scale * 

Twelve thousand millions form a coat of mail, 

Flexile and fine, or horny else and hard, 

The trembling nakedness of sense to guard ; 

A colored Rete delicately spun, 

Quenching the fiery arrows of the sun, 

Spreads soft above, and undulating dips 



* The Skin as here described includes: 1. The Cuticle with its innumerable 
microscopic tiles specially designed for defence. 2. The Rete Mucosum, the seat of 
color. 3. The Corium or True Skin, consisting of two non-separable layers — the 
upper, papillary and sensitive ; the lower, firm and fibrous. 4. Perspiratory tubes, 
convoluted beneath the true skin, their spiral ducts opening obliquely under the 
scales of the Cuticle, their office being to purify and cool the body. 5. Sebaceous 
Follicles, or Oil Glands, seated in the substance of the skin, serving to soften and 
lubricate the surface, furnishing likewise, perhaps, 6, that Distinctive Odor pecu- 
liar to each individual whereby he sows himself on all the winds, and perfumes 
with every footstep the ground over which he passes. 7. The Hair, implanted by 
a bulbous root in the fibrous layer of the Corium, which being contractile shrinks 
under the influence of great fear or horror, and as the poet says : 
" Makes each particular hair to stand on end 
Like quills upon the fretful porcupine" — 
quills in the porcupine, feathers in the bird, wool and hair in the quadruped, all 
belonging to the same category. Hair in man, not being needed for warmth or 
covering as in the lower lives, is gathered to the head and appropriately crowns it. 



30 THE MICROCOSM. 

Between the sentient papillary tips, 

Part of the duplex Corium beneath 

Forming a continent elastic sheath, 

Felted and firm and suitable to bind, 

Muscle andviscus to the place assigned ; 

Where, nine full leagues of Tubing buried lie — 

All convoluted opening to the sky, 

Transmitting formed impurities within, 

Through doors and windows of the porous skin, 

Th' exuding moisture tempering inward flame, 

Cooling the fever of the heated frame — 

Fountlets and Rivulets of Oil below, 

Preserving softness, ever spring and flow ; 

Musk emanations — to the dog defined, 

Snuffing his master on the scented wind — 

Hair, not for warmth or dress, here sparsely spread, 

Reserved to ornament the regal head, 

Around the brow of Eva thickly curled 

And crowning Adam monarch of the world. 

Voluntary Muscles — Their Office and Work. 

Lifting this threefold Veil, we find — beneath 
A dense, enclosing, universal sheath — * 

* The enveloping aponeurosis or fascia binding down the muscles. 



THE MICROCOSM. 3 1 

The subject Muscles—* girded to fulfil 
The lightning mandates of the sovereign Will— 
Th' abounding means of motion, wherein lurk 
Man's infinite capacity for work ; 
By which, as taste or restless nature bids, 
He rears the Parthenon or Pyramids ; 
In high achievements of the plastic art, 
Fulfils th' ambitious purpose of his heart ; 
Creates a grace outrivaling his own, 
Charming all eyes— the poetry of stone ; 
Symbols his faith, as in Cathedrals— vast 
Religious petrifactions of the Past : 
Covers the land with cities ; makes all seas 
White with the sails of countless argosies ; 
Pushes the ocean back with all her waves, 
And from her haughty sway a kingdom saves ; 
Tunnels high mountains, Erebus unbars, 
And through it rolls the thunder of his cars ; 
With stalwart arm, defends down-trodden right, 

* Some authors reckon the number of Muscles in the Human Body as high as 
5^ 7 They have been divided into Voluntary (forming the red flesh, or the main 
bulk of the body); Involuntary, such as the heart, fleshy fibres of the stomach, 
etc • and Mixed, such as the muscles of respiration, etc. Each Muscle is made up 
of an indefinite number of fibres, which may be considered as so many muscles in 
miniature, along which stream the currents of the Will. Yet with all this complex 
apparatus everything is in harmony. 



32 THE MICROCOSM. 

And, like a whirlwind, sweeps the field of fight ; 
And when, at last, the war is made to cease, 
On firm foundations stablishes a peace ; 
Then barren wastes with nodding harvests sows, 
And makes the desert blossom as the rose. 

Muscular Dynamics — Directing Power Where ? 

Bundles of fleshy fibres without end, 
Along the bony Skeleton extend 
In thousand-fold directions from fixed points 
To act their several parts upon the Joints ; 
Adjustments nice of means to ends we trace, 
With each dynamic filament in place ; 
But where's the Hand that grasps the million reins 
Directs and guides them, quickens or restrains ? 

See the musician, at his fingers' call, 
All sweet sounds scatter, fast as rain-drops fall ; 
With flying touch, he weaves the web of song, 
Rhythmic as rapid, intricate as long. 
Whence this precision, delicacy and ease ? 
And where's the Master that defines the keys ? 

The many-jointed Spine, with link and lock 
To make it flexile while secure from shock, 
Is pierced throughout, in order to contain 



THE MICROCOSM. 33 

The downward prolongation of the brain ; 
From which, by double roots, the Nerves* arise — 
One Feeling gives, one Motive Power supplies ; 
In opposite directions, side by side, 
With mighty swiftness there two currents glide — 
Winged, head and heel, the Mercuries of Sense \ 
Mount to the regions of Intelligence ; 
Instant as light, the nuncios of the throne 
Command the Muscles that command the Bone. 
Each morning after slumber, brave and fresh, 
The Moving Army of the Crimson Flesh, 
From fields of former conquests, marching comes 
To the grand beating of unnumbered drums — \ 
Each martial Fibre pushing to the van 
To make " I will " the equal of " I can"; 

* For the benefit of the general reader, presumably not familiar with anatomi- 
cal details, we may state that there are 43 pairs of nerves in all, i.e. 12 Cranial or 
Encephalic and 31 Spinal. The first have only one root in the brain, whilst the 
latter arise by two roots from the anterior and posterior halves of the spinal mar- 
row, but unite immediately afterwards to form one nerve. Division of the ante- 
rior root causes loss of motion — of the posterior the loss of sensation. The first 
transmit volitions/row the brain, the latter sensitive impressions to the brain. 

tHelmholtz has instituted experiments to determine the rapidity of transmis- 
sion of the nervous actions. For sensation the rate of movement assigned is one 
hundred and eighty to three hundred feet per second. Muscular contraction, or 
shortening of the muscular fibre takes place, at times, with extreme velocity ; a 
single thrill, in the letter R., can be pronounced in the i-3o,oooth part of a minute. 
There are insects whose wings strike the air thousands of times in a minute. The 
force of contraction (Myodynamis) is most remarkable in some of these. In birds, 
the absolute power in proportion to the weight of the body is as 10,000 to 1. 

X The heart and arteries. 

3 



34 THE MICROCOSM. 

Testing the possibilities ot power 
In deeds of daring suited to the hour ; 
Doing its utmost to build up the health 
And glory of the inner Commonwealth. 
Levers and fulcra everywhere we find, 
But where's the great Archimedean Mind, 
That on some pou sto,* outside and above, 
Plants its firm foot this living world to move ? 

Cranium — Soul 's Firmament — Brain. 

Find it we shall, if anywhere we can, 
Doubtless, in that high Capitol of man, 
Whose Spheric Walls, concentric to the cope, 
Were built to match the nature of his Hope. 
What seems the low vault of a narrow tomb, 
Is the Soul's sky, where it has ample room ; 
As apt through this, its crystalline, to pass, 
As though it were diaphanous as glass. 
When Sense is dark, it is not dark, but light, 
Itself a sun, that banishes the night, 
Shedding a morning, beauteous to see, 
On the horizon of Eternity. 

* Archimedes used to say, "Give a place where I may stand (&oq nov otu), 
and I can move the world." 



THE MICROCOSM. 35 

Strange, a frail link and manacle of Brain 

So long below suffices to detain 

A principle, so radiant and high, 

So restless, strong, and fitted for the sky. 

Mind's Organ — City of the Dead. 

Here mounted, standing on the topmost towers, 
Up to the roof of this high dome of ours, 
With the Mind's Organ in our hands, what new 
Secrets of structure strike th' astonished view? 
A weird and wonderful, and fragile mass 
Of white and gray * — deserted now, alas ! 
All knowledge quite razed out ; no trace 
Of things which were ; now mourns each happy place, 



* The Nervous System everywhere consists of two kinds of tissue — White and 
Gray. The White forms the nerves, the exterior of the spinal cord, and the central 
parts of the brain and cerebellum (where it is soft, like curdled cream, but is 
firmer in the nerves), composed everywhere of parallel fibres or threads of extreme 
fineness, which form the Channels of nervous power and influence to and from 
the Ganglionic Centres — Sources, both great and small, of this influence. These 
constitute the Gray substance found in the central parts of the spinal cord, at the 
base of the brain in isolated masses, and the exterior of the cerebrum and cerebel- 
lum, where to economize space it lies in folds, dipping down into the interior, and 
forming the convolutions. It is found also in the ganglia of the Great Sympa- 
thetic. Condensely stated, the gray ganglia originate nervous power, the white 
nervous filaments only transmit it. The Hemispherical Ganglia (the plaited or 
convoluted cortex of the cerebrum forming about nine-tenths of the whole mass 
of the brain), although entirely destitute of both sensibility and excitability, are 
believed to be on good grounds the special seat, so far as these can be said to have 
any, of the intellectual faculties — memory, reason, judgment and the like. Im- 
pressions, conveyed to the Spinal Cord, i. e. its ganglionic centre, are there organ- 



36 THE MICROCOSM. 

Where frolicked once the Children of the Mind, 

Of all the number, not one left behind ; 

No vestige of the battle and the strife ; 

None, of the conquests that ennobled life. 

Hid is the maze where Doubt was wont to grope ; 

Hid the starved fibre of a perished Hope ; 

Hid the tough sinews of a wrestling Faith, 

The Christian Athlete matched with Sin and Death ; 

Hid all the teeth-prints of the wolves of Grief, 

A savage pack, of which Remorse is chief. 

How strange, of all the wounds our comforts mar, 

That of the fellest we should find no scar ! 

None can point out where Understanding dwelt ; 
None, the high places where Religion knelt — 
The spot where Reverence, with feet unshod, 
Came to consult the Oracle of God. 

The crypts and catacombs, where Memory cast 
The bones of all the dead of all the Past ; 



ically s not intellectually perceived, and the movements which follow are such as 
are dictated by supreme organic wisdom, forming indeed an admirable mimicry 
of conscious sensation and voluntary action, but mimicry only, for both are really 
absent. This belongs to what is called "reflex action," and explains automatic 
function and phenomena, of which life is full. It is not, it is believed, until im- 
pressions have reached the ganglion of the Tuber Annulare that they are con- 
verted into conscious sensations and excite voluntary movements. And only when 
they have mounted to the Hemispheres, the ganglia of thought and feeling, that 
they become the property of the intellect and are made the grounds of rational 
conduct. 



THE MICROCOSM. 37 

Shelves, where were stowed all libraries of man, 

All gray traditions, since the world began ; 

All literatures, religions, kinds and parts 

Of knowledge, laws, philosophies and arts ; 

All actions, all articulated breath — 

The Book of Life, and, ah ! the Book of Death, — 

Wherein, whatever fatal leaf it turned, 

Its former self the guilty soul discerned, 

Mirrored entire — seen outside and within 

In every form and attitude of sin ; 

Th' inevitable reflection, imaged there, 

True to the life, like pictures of Daguerre ; 

The very scene, in which each deed was done, 

Painted in all the colors of the sun ; 

So faithful, fresh, time, circumstance and act, 

The past reality seemed present fact — 

There field, and weapon, and the riven brain 

Of Abel smitten by the hand of Cain, 

And blood, with red moist lips, in Pity's ears 

Crying for vengeance through eternal years, 

Th' unwashed crimson of the guilty sod 

As in the eye and memory of God. 

Imagination's skyey seat, where came 
For soaring flight the demigods of fame, 



38 THE MICROCOSM. 

Home of the Muses, fair and forked Mount 
Of high Parnassus, and Castalian Fount, 
Whence issued streams that watered all the earth, 
Then most, when blind Mceonides had birth ; 
And Zion's holier Hill, and Siloe's Brook, 
Warbling forever, in blind Milton's book ; 
The topmost peak where Shakespeare took his stand, 
And waved his wand of power o'er sea and land. 
Strange, that so sweet and heavenly a hill, 
Should breed fierce dragons, ravenous beasts of ill — 
" Gorgons and hydras, and chimeras dire,' 
Monsters of hideous shapes, with tongues of fire — 
Have rifted rocks whose entrance leads to hell, 
And the damned wizard of the mighty spell, 
Making its precincts all enchanted ground, 
Turning to horror every sight and sound, 
With grisly terrors, straight from Acheron, 
Peopling each nook, and darkening all the sun. 

None can the judgment seat of Conscience show, 
That highest Court and Parliament below, 
Where, sole and sovereign, seated on her throne, 
She recognized th' Infallible alone. 
To her, the keys of heaven and earth were given, 
And what she bound on earth was bound in heaven. 



THE MICROCOSM. 



39 



By the clear light, which her decisions shed, 
Instructed feet in pleasant ways were led, 
Martyrs were pointed to the neighboring sky, 
And Patriots taught how sweet it is to die. 

Where these had their high dwelling, we, in vain, 
Seek in this packed and folded pulp of brain. 
Judged, by the ignorant regards of sense, 
How mean ! by heights of function, how immense ! 
To reason and the vision of shut eyes 
Its infinite expandings fill the skies. 
What regions of sublimity once there ! 
What mountains soaring in the upper air ! 
Not thunder scarred Acroceraunian* peak, 
Alpine or Himalayan loftier than the Greek, 
So high so hidden— from whose secret tops, 
Keener than needles, trickled the first drops 
Of rising rivers, flowing silently 
Into the cerebral deep drainless sea, 
From which, as from a mighty fountain-head, 
Life's crystal waters everywhere were spread, 

y,i<* mountains in Greece (from d/cpor, extreme, and 
ning. 



4° THE MICROCOSM. 

Coursing in liquid lapse through Channels White,*" 
Swift as the lightning, stainless as the light, 
Conveying to each atom of the whole 
Volitions, animations, power and soul. 

Once beautiful for situation, gem 
And joy of the whole earth, Jerusalem, 
How sits she solitary ! she that was great 
Among the nations, now left desolate ! 
Th' adversary hath spread out his hand 
On all her pleasant things and spoiled the land ; 
Her gates are sunk into the ground ; the rent 
And ruined rampart and the wall lament ; 
Her palaces are swallowed up ; the Lord 
His altar hath cast off ; He hath abhorred 
His sanctuary even ; hath o'erthrown 
And pitied not, nor cared to spare His own. 

* The Nerves are composed of bundles of minute fibres or filaments, averaging 
T-2,000 of an inch in diameter. Each filament consists of a colorless, transparent, 
tubular membrane, containing a thick, softish, semi-fluid nervous matter which is 
white and glistening by reflected light. Running through the central part is a 
longitudinal grayish band, called " the axis of the cylinder." Branches of a nerve 
are merely separations and new directions of some of the filaments of the bundle, 
these being always continuous from their origin to their point of distribution, 
which prevents any confusion arising from a running together of impressions. 
The nervous tree, like that of the blood vessels, is so vast, that in its totality, 
•exhibited separately, it would give almost an outline of the human form. The 
•circulation of a nervous fluid, though not demonstrable, has been hypothetically 
deduced from the tubular structure of the nerves and other considerations. 
Assuming the fact, the whole body may be said to swim in this vital sea, having 
its analogy in that higher or divine animation, described as being " filled with the 
Spirit." 



THE MICROCOSM. 4* 

The Eye, and its Correlative. 

The ways of Zion mourn ; funereal gloom 
pills every habitation like a tomb ; 
Closed is each port, and window of the mind ; 
And there is none to look— the Eye is blind. 
How different once, when in that little Sphere 
The glorious universe was pictured clear ! 
O what an Organ that ! germane to Light, 
Whose own relations too are such to sight, 
T'were hard to say, the two so nicely fit, 
Made was the eye for light, or light for it. 
Ne'er were two lovers, separate by space, 
More eager, fond, impatient to embrace, 
Than that sweet splendor — streaming from afar, 
Traveling for ages from some distant star, 
Straight as an arrow speeding from the bow — 
And that dear Eyeball waiting here below. 

Light has no Manifesting Power without the Eye. 

Prime work of God ! upon the bended knee 
The whole creation homage pays to thee ; 
From night and chaos countless suns emerge 
That all their beamings may in thee converge, 



42 THE MICROCOSM. 

Since wholly vain and useless were, they know, 

Without the Eye to see, their light to show ; 

They roll in darkness, quenched their every ray, 

Till thy lids opening change the night to day. 

Placed, for commanding and enjoying these, 

In the dread centre of immensities, 

The depths thou searchest and the heights supreme, 

Ranging at will from this to that extreme. 

Where space is dark to thy unaided sight, 

Thither thou turn'st thy telescope of might, 

And in the heart of the abysmal gloom 

Behold'st celestial gardens all abloom — 

Brave starry blossomings and clusters fine 

Loading the branches of the heavenly vine ; 

See'st suns, like dust, lie scattered 'long the road 

That leads to that far Paradise of God. 

From this to yonder, who the leagues can tell ? 

One might compute the ocean's drops as well. 

Turn now ! the nether infinite explore ! 

Extend thy vision as thou did'st before !* 

Pierce downwards, pierce to the concealed minute, 

The ultimates of things, the germ, the root, 

* For example, with a Microscope that magnifies a million times. 



THE MICROCOSM. 43 

The atom world, — so near and yet so far 

Not more remote is the remotest star — 

To forms of life to which, O can it be ? 

A drop of water is a shoreless sea ! 

So vast thy sweep, it surely were not strange 

If eye angelic had no wider range. 

Even so ! On earth or in the realms of air 

Nothing is fair but as thou mak'st it fair — 

In face or flower or iris braided rain, 

Beauty exists not or exists in vain ; 

Without thy power to paint them or perceive 

There were no gorgeous shows of morn and eve. 

Light lost in the Eye reappears in the Consciousness. 

How wonderful, that organs made of clay 

Should drink so long th' abundance of the day ! 

Receive the constant unreturning tides 

Of sun and moon and all the stars besides ! 

Not lost is all this mighty wealth of beams — 

Rivers of light, innumerable streams, 

Flow darkling for a space, then spring again 

To join the Arethusas * of the brain, 

* The river Alpheus in Elis is fabled to flow under the earth to Sicily and to 
unite with the fountain Arethusa ; hence Arethusa, a nymph, whose lover was 
Alpheus. 



44 THE MICROCOSM. 

In bliss of married consciousness to be 
Fountains of brightness through eternity. 

Tears — Sleep, its Resuscitating Power — Organic Life. 

Since man was born to trouble here below, 
Tears were provided for predestined woe ; 
And tears have fallen in perpetual shower 
From man's apostasy until this hour, 
But there's the promise of a future day 
When God's dear hand shall wipe all tears away. 

On eyes that watch as well as eyes that weep 
Descends the solemn mystery of Sleep. 
Toiling and climbing to the very close, 
The weary Body, longing for repose, 
On the gained level of the day's ascent, 
Halts for the night and pitches there its tent ; 
Then, sinking down, is 'gulfed in an abyss 
As deep and dark as the abodes of Dis.* 
Rather, returns into the peaceful gloom 
And blank unconsciousness of Nature's womb, 
Where plastic forces work, to be next morn 
To a new life and mightier vigor born — 

* Domos Ditis. 



THE MICROCOSM. 45 

Prepared to run again Life's upward way 

Scaling the misty summits of To-Day ; 

Lo ! height o'er height, through all the years, they rise, 

Supplying steps by which to mount the skies, 

Ladder, like Jacob's, heavenly, complete, 

Whose radiant rounds were for angelic feet. 

From night's dark caves spring evermore, in truth, 

Fountains of freshness and perpetual youth ; 

This seeming death, with consciousness at strife, 

Is health and happiness and length of life. 

There is within, that which preserves and keeps — 

Organic Providence that never sleeps * — 

When the slack hand of Reason drops the rein, 

This drives the chariots of the heart and brain. 

Were life's full goblet trusted to the Will, 

Its nerveless hand would soon its contents spill ; 

The Maker so was careful to provide 

Another principle and power beside, 

Archeus,* Instinct — any name may serve — 



*The Archeus (from Gr. apxevu, to rule ; apXV> beginning), according to Van 
Helmont, is an immaterial principle, existing from the beginning and presiding 
over the development of the body and over all organic phenomena. Besides this 
chief one, which he located in the upper orifice of the stomach, he admitted several 
subordinates, one for each organ, each of them being liable to anger, caprice, ter- 
ror, and every human feeling. 



46 THE MICROCOSM. 

Organic Life, Great Sympathetic Nerve,* 

With Cerebellum,f competent to save, 

And rescue from the clutches of the grave, — 

When Sleep would else have caused immediate death, 

Stopped the heart's action, and cut short the breath, 

Drying each source, that fed and kept alive 

Th' industrious bees in the organic hive.J 



* The Great Sympathetic lies in front and along the sides of the spine, and sup- 
plies the organs over which the will and consciousness have no immediate control, 
such as the intestines, liver, heart, etc. Its numerous ganglia (centres and origi- 
nators of nervous influence) are the knots of a nervous reticulation which connects 
not only the organs of Organic Life one with the other, but these also with the 
brain and spinal cord. It is due to this- -separately or conjointly with the spinal 
cord in its reflex or excito-motor capacity, derived from its own ganglionic axis or 
pith, giving it also independent and automatic powers, powers not sensibly de- 
pendent upon the consciousness or will for their exercise — that all the vital func- 
tions do not come to a stand-still in our first slumber. 

+ The opinion, which attributes to Cerebellum the power of associating or co- 
ordinating the different voluntary movements, is the one now most generally re- 
ceived. Destroyed, the gubernatorial faculty is lost and the animal staggers and 
falls like a drunken man. In addition to this, it has been supposed that whatever 
the cerebrum does rationally and by fits, the cerebellum does unconsciously and 
permanently — so that in sleep, the motions of thought and will not being organi- 
cally but only consciously suspended, need to be maintained and kept up to their 
proper level, and that this is the office of the cerebellum, which like the chain and 
springs of a watch, not only regulate its movements, but prevent it from running 
suddenly down. 

% While an exaggerated importance may have been given to the doctrine of Cell 
Formation, the truth of it seems to be well established. The statement of Virchow 
that " Every animal presents itself as a sum of vital unities, every one of which 
manifests all the characteristics of life," although hypothetical, at least in part, is 
a convenient formula for explaining many vital phenomena observed both in 
health and disease. Receiving it, it certainly justifies the figure here used — the 
bee working with a blind instinct, being compared to that organic intelligence, 
which resident in each cell presides over the functions of nutrition, secretion and 
elimination. 



THE MICROCOSM. 47 

Spiritual Analogies. 

As light to Eye, so to the Soul, in sooth, 
The light of God, the higher light of Truth. 
How, when man fell, his dark and hungry eyes 
Looked for the sunrise in the eastern skies ! 
Filled with all doubt, and wandering forlorn, 
Watching for signs of the delaying morn ! 
Ah ! should it never break, the stumbling feet 
Go stumbling onward to the Judgment Seat ; 
And toward the guilty, should there be no ruth 
In the just bosom of the God of Truth ; 
Those images of horror and affright, 
Projected on the canvas of the night, 
Should aye be present, wheresoe'er he turn, 
And God's fierce anger never cease to burn ! 
Ah! when the parting heavens some gleam let through, 
Some gleam of promise shining through the blue, 
Ah, more ! when that the Dayspring from on high 
Told that the Sun of Righteousness was nigh ; — 
Waving glad wings of many colored flame, 
Fore-running angels certified He came ; 
Then most of all, when following full soon, 
Upon his midnight burst eternal noon ; 



48 THE MICROCOSM. 

How to the heavenly host his pulses beat, 
Timed to the music of their marching feet ! 

Congenital Blindness — Awards of the Last Day. 

Alas, for those, who, haply blind from birth, 
Have never seen the loveliness of earth ; 
To whose rapt gaze, the spectacle ne'er given 
Of all the dread magnificence of heaven ; 
One mighty blank, one universal black, 
The moving wonders of the Zodiac ; 
The constellations from their fixed abode, 
Shed no sweet influence on their darkling road : 
Their rolling eyeballs turn, and find no ray ; 
An unknown joy, the blessedness of day. 

Between the man, who, in his neighbor's grief, 
With swiftest pity, flies to his relief ; 
And him, whose cruel and unnatural part 
It is to plague and wring his brother's heart, 
How deep the gulf ! how different the award 
At the great final coming of the Lord ! 
In the Last Judgment, all the world shall hear 
The silent thunder prisoned in a tear — * 

* Faraday has shown by the most conclusive experiments that the electricity 
which decomposes, and that which is evolved by the decomposition of a certain 
quantity of matter are alike. A single drop of water therefore contains as much 
electricity as could be accumulated in 800,000 Leyden jars — a quantity equal to 
that which is developed from a charged thunder -cloud. 



THE MICROCOSM. 49 

The pent up wrath shall strike the tyrant there, 
Who would not pity, and who would not spare. 

Asylums for the Blind. 

Thou, who wert styled th' Apostle of the Blind, 
No bays too green, thine honored brows to bind, 
Who toiled and sacrificed beyond the sea — 
'Tis right to name thee, Valentin Haiiy !* 
To render happier a cheerless lot ; 
Enrich with knowledge those who have it not ; 
To pour new light into the darkened mind, 
And force an entrance where it none can find ; 
By novel methods, and ingenious tools, 
Imparting all the learning of the schools ; 
For loss of one, obtaining recompense 
In the perfection of another sense ; — 
Inspiring music, bringing heaven so near 
They almost think they see it, as they hear — 



* Louis IX., better known as St. Louis, in 1260 founded the Hospice des Quinze 
Vingts at Paris— designed, as its name implies, originally for 15 score or 300 per- 
sons—which still exists. This is believed to have been the first public provision 
ever made for the Blind. It was solely eleemosynary. No instruction was at- 
tempted. Although in the 16th century attempts were made to print for the 
Blind in intaglio and afterwards in relief, nothing material was accomplished, 
till 1784, when Valentin Haiiy, " the apostle of the blind" as the French named 
him, commenced his arduous, and self-denying labors, and laid the foundations of 
the modern system. His pupils became eminent as musicians or mathematicians. 

4 



50 THE MICROCOSM. 

Is like that work, in kind if not degree, 
Done Bartimeus, when Christ made him see. 

Asylums for the Deaf and Dumb. 

Not less their praise, nor less their high reward, 
Th' unequaled heroes of a task more hard, 
Enthusiasts, who labored to bridge o'er 
The gulf of silence, never passed before, 
To reach the solitaire, who lived apart,* 
Cut off from commerce with the human heart ; 
To whom had been, all goings on below, 
A ceremonious and unmeaning show ; 
Men met in council, on occasions proud, 
Nought but a mouthing and grimacing crowd ; 



•The possibility of teaching the Deaf and Dumb was never conceived by the an- 
cients. Useless to the State, their destruction in infancy was even connived at ; and 
they were classed legally with idiots and the insane. Plunged in a night of the 
profoundest ignorance, sitting apart in utter loneliness, their state was the saddest 
possible. Attempts to instruct them belong mostly to modern times. Three sys- 
tems have been adopted in different countries. i. That of Wallis, Pereira 
Heinicke and Braid wood, which falsely assumed that while signs may give vague 
ideas there can be no precision without words. Consequently the first years under 
this system were devoted almost wholly to learning articulation and reading on 
the lip. 2. That of abbe" De l'Epde as improved by Sicard and Bebian, which 
proceeds on the directly opposite theory that there is no idea which may not be 
expressed by signs without words. Sign language has the important advantage, 
besides many others that might be named, of being universal. 3. The American 
system, which is a further modification of De l'Epee's. The number of deaf-mutes 
who have distinguished themselves in science and art is already quite consider- 
able. My friend, Mr. John R. Burnet, farmer and author, living at Livingston, 
N. J., is one of the best informed men in the State. 



THE MICROCOSM. 51 

And all the great transactions of the time, 
An idle scene or puzzling panlomime. 
Children of siience ! deaf to every sound 
That trembles in the atmosphere around, 
Now far more happy — dancing ripples break 
Upon the marge of that once stagnant lake, 
Aye by fresh breezes overswept, and stirred 
With the vibrations of new thoughts conferred. 
No more your minds are heathenish and dumb, 
Now that the word of truth and grace has come ; 
Your silent praise, that penitential tear, 
Are quite articulate to your Saviour's ear. 

Hearing — Powers of Sound — Music of Nature. 

Within a bony labyrinthean cave, 
Reached by the pulse of the aerial wave, 
This sibyl, sweet, and mystic Sense is found, 
Muse, that presides o'er all the Powers of Sound. 
Viewless and numberless, these everywhere 
Wake to the finest tremble of the air ; 
Now from some mountain height are heard to call ; 
Now from the bottom of some waterfall; 
Now faint and far, now louder and more near, 
With varying cadence musical and clear ; 



52 THE MICROCOSM. 

Heard in the brooklet murmuring o'er the lea ; 

Heard in the roar of the resounding sea ; 

Heard in the thunder rolling through the sky ; 

Heard in the little insect chirping nigh ; 

The winds of winter wailing through the woods ; 

The mighty laughter of the vernal floods ; 

The rain-drops' showery dance and rhythmic beat, 

With twinkling of innumerable feet ; 

Pursuing echoes calling 'mong the rocks ; 

Lowing of herds, and bleating of the flocks ; 

The tender nightingale's melodious grief ; 

The sky-lark's warbled rapture of belief — 

Arrow of praise, direct from Nature's quiver, 

Sent duly up to the Almighty Giver. 

Music of Art — Instrumental and Vocal. 

If once, ye Powers, with reeds, a rustic Pan, 
Ye tuned idyllic minstrelsies for man, 
These thin dilutions of the soul of song, 
Ye have abandoned, and abandoned long. 
Sweet as the spheral music of the skies, 
The thunder of your later harmonies. 
O fill the void capacious atmosphere 
With your full sum, and pour it in the ear ; 



THE MICROCOSM. 53 

Drown it with melody, nor let it wade 

Longer in shallows, of the deep afraid. 

Join to all instruments of wind and cords 

The poetry and excellence of words. 

If Country calls, put in the Trumpet's throat 

A loud and stirring and a warlike note ; 

And let there follow an inspiring blast, 

As the long file of heroes hurries past ; 

Then raise th' exultant clamor to its height, 

When crowned as victors, they return from fight. 

Because the service God demands of men 

Is not an intermittent thing of now and then, 

Temples of permanence we rightly raise, 

For the perpetual purposes of praise, 

And build great Organs, in whose tubes of sound, 

Sleeping or waking, ye are always found. 

Awake ! prepare Te Deums ! now awake ! 

Wave your great wings till all the building shake ! 

Rend the low roof, and rend the vault of heaven, 

Bearing the rapture of a soul forgiven ! 

Voice — Air of Expiration, Its Transmutations. 

Wonderful instrument, but not so choice 
As is the Organ of the Human Voice. 



54 THE MICROCOSM. 

What compact proof of Heavenly Power and Skill, 

When simplest means sublimest ends fulfill ! 

That two-stringed Lyre — quick strung to every note, 

Placed at the windy entrance of the throat, 

With a divine economy of room, 

So placed it might the smallest space consume, 

There where the aerial currents come and go, 

To feed the vital fires that burn below, 

And with a quickening purifying force, 

The blood to freshen in its onward course — 

Taking the waste, effete and useless breath, 

Charged with the very element of death, 

Converts it into music, glorious shapes 

Of power and beauty, ere that breath escapes. 

A transformation marvelous and strange, 

Unequaled, in the Alchemy of change ; 

Harmonious forces working to condense 

The blazing jewels of intelligence ; 

Diamonds more rich than proudest monarchs wear, 

•Formed from the gaseous carbon of the air ; 

Th' imperial currency of human wit, 

Image and superscription stamped on it, 

Coined from the atmosDhere — th' exhaustless mine 

Of golden treasures magical and fine — 



THE MICROCOSM. 55 

Chief circulating medium of thought, 

And common mintage by which truth is bought, 

And wisdom in its infinite supply, 

Stored in th' invisible market of the sky ! 

Speech, Accountable Self-recording— Mathematical Problem. 

O Heart and Mouth, in strictest wedlock bound, 
Whence spring th' immortal births of soul and sound ! 
Winged for far flight, your moral offspring sweep 
The airy fields of the cerulean deep, 
Up to the awful place, where Judgment waits 
Within Eternity's tremendous gates. 

Philosophy itself may serve to teach, 
No power so fearful as the Power of Speech. 
The idle word, which nothing can recall, 
Breaks sacred silence thrilling through the All ; 
Yea, like a pebble dropped into the sea, 
Ripples the ocean of immensity ; 
An oath profane, the horror of a lie, 
The shuddering Ether bears beyond the sky : 
Sounding through height and depth, its way it takes 
To distant spheres, and endless echoes wakes ; 
After long ages, still can be inferred, 
The sense and nature of each uttered word, 



56 THE MICROCOSM. 

Declared in postured particles, because 
The dance of atoms is by rhythmic laws : 
For that another cannot be the same, 
God calls each atom by a different name ; 
Makes these an alphabet, by which to spell 
Each sentence spoken, and each syllable ; 
Beyond the power of parchment, or of pen, 
Expounding all the utterances of men.* 

Its Social Uses — The Word made Flesh. 

Most genial of the faculties is this, 
And most subservient to social bliss ; 
Fulfills the longing as no other can, 
When man would manifest himself to man ; 

* Mr. Charles Babbage— an English Mathematician of the first rank, formerly 
Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, the Chair of Newton, famous 
also as the inventor of a Calculating Machine, built at a cost to the English 
Government of $85,000, followed by another, involving a still heaver outlay— in a 
work styled "The Ninth Bridgewater Treatise," published in 1S38, filled with 
much original and quaint speculation, expresses his faith in the startling doctrine 
that no word or action can ever be eliminated from the records of Nature, but 
that the air is a " vast library," in whose pages are forever written all that man 
has ever said or woman whispered, inasmuch as the aerial pulses which seemed to 
have died out completely might yet be demonstrated by human reason to exist. 
So of the ocean. A being possessed of unbounded powers of mathematical analysis 
might trace the results of any impulse on the fluid, or read back the history of the 
sea in its own billows. And so too, the solid frame of the earth may serve as a 
stereotyped record both of the transactions and the proceedings of its inhabitants; 
for not only the heavings of the greatest earthquakes, but the little local tremors 
which the stamp of a human foot may produce, may all be said to have left their 
memorials in the ground. Heaven and earth are therefore prepared to bear wit- 
ness against the transgressor on the Day of Judgment. Terrible thoughts these, 
but what if thev are true ? 



THE MICROCOSM. 57 

The isolated soul shut up no more 

Walks freely forth as through an open door. 

Vainly in inarticulate dumb show, 
Had Nature strove to teach man here below ; 
When finding that intended to reveal, 
Served but the more His presence to conceal, 
God put aside the Vesture of the Skies, 
And walked and talked with men in Human Guise : 
Th' apocalyptic Word made Flesh, made thus 
Communicated Godhead — God With Us. 

Articulation — Nose — Mouth — Smell — Taste. 

Behold how man, the polyglot, employs 
Th' uncompounded elemental noise ! 
Makes endless permutations, mixes breath 
For nice intonings of each shibboleth ! 
Up from the Throat, one little step, we reach 
The cunning moulds and matrices of speech ; 
Formless and void the vocal chaos flows, 
Shaped into Language by the Mouth and Nose ; 
Mellifluous modulations taking place, 
In scented caverns of the hollow face ; 
Sweet mobile Lips, Teeth, Palate, flavorous Tongue, 
Making intelligible the speaking Lung ; 



58 THE MICROCOSM. 

Aiders of Speech, but then the seats as well 
Of the two senses of the Taste and Smell. 

Smell — Odors, Their Subtlety and Imponderability. 

The Nerves of Smell, the first the brain to leave, 
Combed and divided through a bony sieve,* 
They, from their tresses of disheveled hair, 
Shake out the tangled fragrance of the air. 
Conversant with all sweetness — Nature brings 
Hither the soul and quintessence of things ; 
Airy solutions of the finer powers, 
Imponderable properties of flowers ; 
Th' aroma of all seasons and all times, 
Kingdoms of nature, continents and climes — 
Too subtle and too spiritual, I ween, 
These for analysis however keen. 
Daintiest of senses, daintily it feeds 
On thymy pastures of the skyey meads, 
Drinks from etherial fountains, whence are quaffed 
Delicious lungfulls at one mighty draught, 
Cheering the breast, and sweetening all the blood, 
Like some celestial minister of good. 

* The ethmoid bone (from r)0fio^, " a sieve," and eioog, " form"). 



THE MICROCOSM. 59 

Breath of Life, Natural and Spiritual. 

God breathed, O breath with heavenly sweetness rife ! 
Into man's nostrils first the breath of life. 
The blissful aura vivified the whole, 
And straightway man became a living soul. 
Then odorous Eden yet more odorous grew, 
As o'er its bowers, th' informing Spirit blew 
Another inner and diviner air, 
Moving within the proper atmosphere, 
That shook the leaves and made the tree-tops nod, 
A mystic wind immediately from God, — 
Rushing and mighty like the Holy Ghost 
Poured out upon the day of Pentecost. 
Still the same Spirit where it lists it blows, 
We know not whence it comes nor where it goes, 
But souls it quickened on Creation's morn, 
Now dead in sin to a new life are born : 
One inspiration of immortal breath 
Creates a life beneath the ribs of death. 

Theopnetisty. 

O via sacra, O thrice blessed door, 
Once hallowed with Thy presence, hallow, Lord ! once 
more. 



60 THE MICROCOSM. 

Inbreathe Thyself, my Maker ! fill each cell 

Of my deep breast, and deign with me to dwell. 

Come, my Desire ! Thou theme of heavenly tongues, 

Fulfill the want and hunger of the lungs. 

Be Thou my breath, my laughter, my delight, 

My song by day, my murmured dream by night. 

When hope dilates, and love my bosom warms, 

Be these the product of Thy powerful charms. 

If grief convulses, be it grief for sin, 

Prompt every sigh and make me pure within ; 

Perfumed by Thee " make every breath a spice 

And each religious act a sacrifice." 

Taste — Elimination and Waste — Nothing Lost. 

We eat to live : the Gustatory Sense 
(The same as Smell, but with a difference) 
At the pleased portal of the hungry throat, 
From endless sources, neighboring and remote, 
Assembles relishes, and daily feeds 
On these to satisfy the body's needs. 
Each moment, lo ! we die and are reborn ; * 
The old becomes cadaverous and outworn ; 



*" Occasio enim praeceps est propter artis materiam, dico autem corpus, quod 
continue fluit et momento temporis transmutatur." — Galen. 



THE MICROCOSM. 6l 

Beyond the boundary of our every breath, 
Wide yawns the open sepulchre of death ; 
Parts of our living selves give up the ghost ; 
Corrupt, corrupting, use and function lost, 
Benignant Nature with victorious force 
Effects deliverance from the loathed corse 
And body of this death ; in ceaseless flow, 
Fun'ral processions of dead atoms go, 
Thronging life's ways and outward opening gates, 
All unattended, where no mourner waits. 
Because the quick have duties, let the dead 
Bury their dead, the Lord of life hath said. 
No fear that needful ministry or rite 
Shall then be wanting when they pass from sight ; 
Sown on the winds or swallowed of the waves 
They shall not fail of hospitable graves. 
Dear to terrestial and celestial powers, 
Through every moment of the flying hours, 
Earth, careful mother, to her bosom draws 
Each reverent particle subject to her laws ; 
Dust welcomes dust, and all the happy ground 
Rejoices that the lost again is found. 
Again it forms a portion of the mould 
To tread the circle it fulfilled of old. 



62 THE MICROCOSM. 

Again it ministers to the thirsty root, 
Mounts to the blossom and matures the fruit ; 
Eaten again, again it makes a part, 
Or of the thinking brain or feeling heart. 

Human Want and Divine Supply. 

Because we ne'er continue in one stay — 
Our flowing lives still wash their banks away ; 
This colliquation of unstable flesh, 
Invades the old and scarcely spares the fresh ; 
The new formed solid, even, oozes through, 
" Thaws and resolves itself into a dew ; " 
And all is flux, and out ten thousand doors 
Our manly strength perpetually pours — 
We Hunger and We Thirst, and all abroad 
We see spread out the mighty Feast of God. 
Abounding plenty equal to the waste 
With luscious adaptations to the taste ; 
Viands heaped up in such seductive guise, 
Forestalling pleasure looks with sparkling eyes 
The golden produce of the garnered fields, 
Whate'er the valley or the mountain yields, 
The juicy tops of Nature, not that found 
In the dark mineral lumpish underground. 



THE MICROCOSM. 63 

By intermediate vegetative toil, 

And much elaboration of the soil, 

Lifted in air and glowing in the sun, 

We pluck the fruit then when the work is done. 

In curious quest of every dainty known, 

We draw from every month and every zone. 

To pile our boards, the canvas is unfurled 

Of more than half the navies of the world. 

Art intervenes, and as the case requires, 

Concocts the crude with culinary fires ; 

Goes forth in nature to extend her range, 

And serve man's love of novelty and change, 

By findings of manipulative skill, 

Testings and tastings, mixings at her will 

Of all the kingdoms, flavorings of the same, 

And seasonings of vegetable flame. 

Imperious Wants ! obedient to whose call, 

Armies capitulate, dynasties fall : 

Howe'er the rulers of the earth combine, 

They may not blink the fact that man must dine. 

It might seem little and beneath God's care — 
A punctual ordering of man's common fare ; 
Unwarranted, extravagant, absurd, 
To think our Pater Nosters could be heard — 



64 THE MICROCOSM. 

Did we not know that round our every meal 
Suns wait and serve and mighty planets wheel. 

Lord's Prayer — Hodiernal Bread — Hygienic Wisdom. 

Father in heaven, hallowed be Thy name — 
'Tis on Thy fatherhood we build our claim — 
Stoop to our needs, we cannot else be fed, 
Give us this day, as erst, our daily bread. 
Preserve us from perversion and abuse, 
Turning Thy bounties from their proper use ; 
From gluttony and criminal excess, 
Making enough our rule, nor more nor less. 
Instruct us how to choose, lest that we sin 
Against the body's health, the powers within, 
Awful economies and sacred laws, 
Of half our miseries the dreadful cause. 
May we live innocent as at the first, 
Using safe beverages to quench our thirst, 
Our common drink be water from the well, 
Not brewed enchantments of the fires of hell, 
Not tasting unblest cups, by Thee unblest, 
But where Satanic benedictions rest, 
Cursing and killing, maddening the brain — 
Brief joy succeeded by eternal pain. 



THE MICROCOSM. 65 

Ingestion — Digestion — Assimilation. 

Be in our Mouths to sanctify our Food ; 
Begin the process changing it to Blood. 
We dare not call that common and unclean 
Which Thou hast cleansed — nor count that longer mean 
So honored by assimilations grand, 
And exaltations of Thine own right hand, 
As through the channels of the body rolled, 
Th' ingested Morsel comes to be ensouled. 
Wherefore be present, every step attend 
Of its miraculous progress to the end. 
During the perilous passage of the strait, 
O keep fast shut the Laryngeal Gate : 
Adown the Throat while that it gently glides, 
And in the Stomach's secret chamber hides, 
Be there to entertain th' expected guest, 
And to the welcome give a keener zest. 
Make the couch ready : and mid veiling gloom, 
And holy privacy as in a womb, 
Induct into the mysteries of the place . 
Rain down celestial influence and grace 
Upon the nascent neophyte ; prepare 
The lavers of regeneration ; where 
5 



66 THE MICROCOSM. 

By wondrous saturations* for a time, 

And fresh baptisms of the new-born Chyme 

A part all purified, from soil purged clear, 

Made meet and worthy of a higher sphere, 

Enters the veins and mingles with the blood ; 

The rest a stained probationary flood, 

Passing the Gate Pyloric waits awhile, 

Its transformation into purer Chyle. 

Prosper and bless and let the work proceed, 

Each faithful function equal to the need ; 

Teach the strict Lacteals, duly this to guide 

Into the narrow way from out the wide, 

Where freed from feculence all white and clean, 

And trained, through mazes of the Glands between, 

For saintly fellowship and spousals sweet 

With the dear Lymph, as they together meet 

Within the Duct Thoracic, mount to gain 

The level of the pierced Subclavian Vein — 

Tempering the mass, to form a fluid part 

Of that humanity which fills the Heart. 



*The Gastric Juice, like the saliva, is not secreted in considerable quantity (Dr. 
Beaumont says not at all) except under the stimulus of recently ingested food. It 
is estimated that the average total quantity secreted in a man of medium size in 24 
hours is 14 pounds, equal to nearly two gallons. This quantity would be altogether 
incredible, were it not, that as soon as it has dissolved its quota of food, it is 
immediately re-absorbed and agains enters into the circulation, together with the 
alimentary substances which it holds in solution. — Dalian. 



THE MICROCOSM. 67 

Heart — Circulation — Nutrition — Blood Exhilarations. 

Make room, my Heart !* that pour'st thyself abroad, 
Deep, central, awful mystery of God ! 
Lord of my bosom ! wonder of the breast ! 
" Welcome the coming, speed the parting guest : " 
The young white blood, commingled with the old — 
Purple, impure, effete in part, and cold — 
Give needful furtherance through the Lungs, to where 
It meets the fiery spirits of the air — 
In friendly barter with the growing plants 
Exchanging what they need for what it wants ; 
For dingy carbon, refuse of the frame, 
Receiving back the principle of flame ; 
While mystic cerebrations downward pour 
The human flood to humanize yet more, 
Making it moral, with all passions rife, 
Instinct with mortal and immortal life ; 



* In the Fish, the Heart is a single organ, having one Auricle and one Ventri- 
cle. In Reptiles, it has two Auricles placed side by side, and one Ventricle. In 
Quadrupeds and Man it is double, with two Auricles and two Ventricles; and 
there are two distinct Circulations — the General or Systemic, and Pulmonary. 
The Blood on the Right Side of the Heart, whether found in the Veins or Arter- 
ies, is dark or venous ; on the Left, it is ruddy and bright or arterial. The first 
belongs to the nocturnal side or hemisphere ; the latter to the diurnal — the sun 
having its rising in the capillaries of the lungs, and its setting in those of the 
general svstem — where the blood loses for the time its auroral bloom and splendor, 
and becomes dark, half devitalized and charged with deadly poison, until having 
completed its circuit, its pristine glitter and beauty are once more restored, as it 



68 THE MICROCOSM. 

Transfigured thus, thus raised and glorified, 

Complete the circle on the other side, 

Where Auricle and Ventricle with power 

Repeat their grasp five thousand times an hour ; 

Closing unresting hands that never tire 

On the one passionate object of desire ; 

And through each moment of the night and day 

A traveling joy to every part convey ; 

Filling each cell of all the Organs up, 

As wine is poured into a jeweled cup, 

With the Falernian of the grapes of Heaven, 

The living Blood miraculously given — 

Endued with plenteous power by which it can 

Rebuild the complex of the perfect man ; 

To every organ like to like impart, 

Distribute brain to brain and heart to heart ; 



reappears on the horizon of the lungs. The rapidity with which the Blood moves 
is very great. Even in Arteries of the minutest size it is so rapid that the glob 
ules cannot be distinguished in it on microscopic examination. It is slower in the 
Veins than in the Arteries, in the proportion of two to three, and still slower in 
the Capillaries. Volkman estimates the velocity in the arteries at 12 inches per 
second ; in veins at 8 inches; in capillaries, i-3oth of an inch. Experiments have 
been made to ascertain the time it takes the blood to pass the entire round of the 
circulation. Traces of a solution of Ferrocyanide of Potassium introduced into the 
right jugular vein of a horse appeared at the left in twenty to twenty-five sec- 
onds, but this is not decisive of the rate of the circulation, only of the diffusion. 
Results swarm with every heart-beat. Life's innumerable wheels, revolving all 
at once in every organ, make that beat representative of a life-time — a century of 
existence being no more than a calculable number of repetitions of that vital 
second. 



THE MICROCOSM. 6 9 

Conquer the years, the wastes of time repair ; 
Add to the body, make the fair more fair : 
Nor potent less to raise to loftiest heights 
Of sensuous pleasures and divine delights — 
Untied to fleshy ministrations— fraught 
With stimulant to Feeling and to Thought, 
Our Ganymede, enlivening with full bowl 
" The feast of reason and the flow of soul." 

Heart— Scat of the Affections— Visceral Modifications. 

Undoubted Sovereign, worthiest to reign, 
Sharer of empire with the regal Brain ! 
(Like omnipresent in the realms of sense, 
Found at the centre and circumference, 
As if by multiplication, every part 
Possessed a sensory and beating heart) 
By virtue of thy birthright from above 
Thine all the high prerogatives of Love. 
One with thyself, Love's ample power display, 
Assert its right to universal sway ! 
As thou, so Love is many and yet one, 
Its royal robes of soul and body spun — 
Assorted vestments, filling many a room, 
The beauteous product of the living loom, 



7° THE MICROCOSM. 

By the deft fingers of the feelings wrought 
Plying the shuttle with the helping thought — 
The several organs, to their nature true, 
Giving each tunic its distinctive hue, 
One of the colors of refracted light, 
Or the chaste total of religious white — 
Defining Loves, all Family Loves that bind, 
The Love of Country, Love of Human Kind, 
The Love of God all other Loves above, 
The Love of Truth and Right, the Love of Love. 

Within, what gracious sympathies appeal ! 
What visceral yearnings do not mothers feel ! — 
The conscious vitals, full of fond alarms 
For the sweet infant folded in her arms, 
And melting tendernesses, that impart 
Tears to the eyes but laughter to the heart. 

Woman — Sex — Unity in Difference. 

O loving Woman, man's fulfillment sweet. 
Completing him not otherwise complete ! 
How void and useless the sad remnant left 
Were he of her, his nobler part bereft ! 
Of her who bears the sacred name of Wife, 
The joy and crown and glory of his life, 



THE MICROCOSM. 7 1 

The Mother of his Children, whereby he 

Shall live in far off epochs yet to be. 

Conjoined but not confounded, side by side 

Lying so closely nothing can divide ; 

A dual self, a plural unit, twain, 

Except in sex, to be no more again ; 

Except in Sex — for sex can nought efface, 

Fixed as the granite mountain on its base — 

But not for this less one, away to take 

This sweet distinction were to mar not make. 

Dearer for difference in this respect, 

As means of rounding mutual defect. 

Woman and Man all social needs include ; 

Earth filled with men were still a solitude. 

In vain the birds would sing, in vain rejoice, 

Without the music of her sweeter voice. 

In vain the stars would shine, 'twere dark the while 

Without the light of her superior smile. 

To blot from earth's vocabularies one 

Of all her names were to blot out the sun. 

Love of the Sexes — Ends Answered. 

O wondrous Hour, supremest hour of fate, 
When first the Soul discerns its proper Mate, 



72 THE MICROCOSM. 

By inward voices known as its elect — 

Distanced by love, and infinite respect, 

Fairer than fairest, shining from afar, 

Throned in the heights, a bright particular star 

The glory of the firmament, the evening sky 

Glad with the lustre of her beaming eye. 

Young Love, First Love, Love, haply, at First Sight, 

Smites likes the lightning, dazzles like the light ; 

Chance meeting eyes shoot forth contagious flame, 

Sending the hot blood wildly through the frame. 

By strange enchantment violently strook, 

The total being rushes with a look ; 

A beauty never seen before, except some gleams 

Purpling the atmosphere of blissful dreams, 

Wakens rare raptures and sensations new, 

Both soul and body thrilling through and through. 

Says sage Experience, sighing o'er the past, 
These dear illusions will not always last ; 
For beauty fades and disappointment clings 
To the reality of human things. 
It may be so — it may be, lover's sight 
Surveying all things by love's purple light, 
Sees not the faults possession shall disclose, 



THE MICROCOSM. 73 

Nor the sharp thorn concealed beneath the rose. 

But if thus Nature her great ends attain 

The pomps of fancy dazzle not in vain. 

The pleasing falsehood of perfection flits, 

But not the Love, that in contentment sits 

Among the Dear Ones of its happy home, 

Blest with sweet foretastes of the heaven to come. 

Deciduous charms of face unmissed depart, 

While bloom the fadeless beauties of the heart ; 

Inward conformity, and gradual growth 

Of moral likeness, tightening bonds of both, 

Perfect the marriage, which was but begun 

Upon that day they were pronounced one. 

True Love — Spurious Love. 

True Love is humble, thereby is it known, 
Girded for service, seeking not its own ; 
Exalts its object, timid homage pays, 
Vaunts not itself, but speaks in self-dispraise : 
"Look not on me ," it says, "for I am black, 
In thee all fullness is, in me all lack; 
But what I have and am are wholly thine, 
Vast were the grace would'st thou give thine for mine." 



74 THE MICROCOSM. 

Let Love but enter, it converts the churl, 
And makes the miser lavish as an earl ; 
The strict walls of his prison, giving way, 
Fall outward and let in the light of day ; 
Released from base captivity to pelf, 
He upwards soars into a nobler self ; 
And hands, that once did nought but clutch and hoard 
Now emulate the bounty of the Lord ; 
Hold up a mirror, that reflects the face 
Of Him whose heart is love and man-ward grace. 

O how unlike to this, so chaste, refined, 
Magnanimous, benevolent and kind, 
Is that base thing, defiling and defiled, 
Born of unbridled lusts and passions wild, 
Which soon of all the virtues rings the knell 
And sends its subjects headlong down to hell ! 
The hidden canker of a vicious heart 
Spreads mortal sickness to the farthest part ; 
Th' infected body rots from day to day 
Till death contemptuous calls the soul away, 
To its own place its sentence to fulfill, 
"Let him that filthy is be filthy still." 



THE MICROCOSM. 75 

Charity — Physician — Opiferque per Orbem Dicor* 

O ye, devoted to the Healing Art, 
By solemn consecration, set apart 
To be the ministers of God above 
In the sublime Activities of Love ; 
Whose special function 'tis to give relief 
In the dark hours of suffering and of grief ; 
Between the living and the dead to stand 
Where fall the shafts of death on either hand ; 
Without one thought of flight, to still maintain 
Perpetual battle with the Powers of Pain ; 
With a fine arrow from a well bent bow 
Transfixing fatally the murd'rous foe ; 
And with an arm made powerful to save, 
Snatching the destined victims of the grave ; — 
The lofty nature of your office such, 
You cannot magnify the same too much, 
Which Tullyf even, eloquently lauds, 
As that which lifts man nearest to the gods. 

* This motto of the Medical Society of New Jersey is taken from the fable of 
Phoebus and Daphne in Ovid's Metamorphoses, Lib. I., v. 521-522. Phcebus is re- 
presented as saying : 

" Inventum medicina meum est ; opiferque per orbem 
Dicor \ et herbarum subjecta potentia nobis." 
Physic is my discovery ; and I 

Help-bearing [One] am called throughout the world, 
To us subjected is the power of herbs. 

t Nulla re homines ad deos propius accedunt quam salutem hominibus dando. — 
Cicero. 



76 THE MICROCOSM. 

Nosology — Auscultation of Heart and Lungs 

How many forms of sickness man befall, 
Sorrow and pain the common lot of all ! 
Science inquires, and, as its kinship finds, 
Makes classes, orders, families and kinds, 
Grouping and marshalling diseases so 
You can them better nominate and know. 
But no nosology did e'er include 
The total of the mighty multitude. 

Wise to interpret each prophetic sign, 
To pierce the veil and hidden fates divine, 
When parents ask, with grief and terror wild, 

" Canst thou not save my darling, save my child ? " 
You skilled to catch, while listening to the breath, 
The distant footsteps of approaching death, 
May, in the sighing of the suffering lung 
And in its stillness, hear alike a tongue 
That syllables oracular reply : 

" Impossible, 'tis fixed, your child must die." 
Response more dread not Delphic prophetess 
E'er shuddered from her murmurous recess. 
With rush of countless chariots, palpitates 
Life's great metropolis through all her gates ; 



THE MICROCOSM. 77 

Their crimson wheels with a perpetual sound, 
Coming and going in their endless round, 
Are heard tumultuous as they hurrying throng 
Th' Appian or Flaminian ways along : 
'fis yours to know next hour all this will fail, 
And death and silence everywhere prevail. 

Physicians Character and Aims-Science Progressive. 

O it is well, that ye have hearts to feel, 
And ears not deaf to pity's soft appeal, 
Putting no difference 'twixt rich and poor, 
Plying with equal zeal the means of cure, 
Not deeming it becoming to regard 
Color or rank or person or reward. 
The man of impure life and sordid aims, 
He smuts his office and his calling shames ; 
Him you disown and place him under ban 
As nothing better than a charlatan. 
Believing needless ignorance a crime, 
You strive to reach the summit of your time ; 
To old age learning up from early youth 
Your life one long apprenticeship to truth. 
Wisely suspicious sometimes of the new, 
Ye give alert acceptance to the true : 



78 THE MICROCOSM. 

Even though it make old science obsolete, 
It with a thousand welcomes still you greet. 
" Knowledge is power," and here 'tis power to save, 
A power like God's to rescue from the grave. 
Each Year adds something — many things ye know 
Your sires knew not a Hundred Years ago. 
Art grown to more, your sons will higher climb, 
And make the Coming Centuries sublime ; 
Till Christ's Millennial Kingdom shall begin, 
And put an end to sickness and to sin. 
Heights of the Future ! breezy with the breath 
Of vernal quickening to the fields of Death, 
In the far distance of the long before, 
We think we see your misty summits soar ; 
Though scarce distinguished from the mingling skies, 
How glad the sight to our believing eyes ! 

Spiritual Maladies — Christ the Great Physician. 

Ah ! there are maladies beyond your skill ; 
You cannot cure depravity of will ; 
You cannot mend a moral nature flawed, 
Convert a mind at enmity with God ; 
You cannot terminate the inward strife, 
Restore the broken harmony of life ; 



THE MICROCOSM. 79 

With all th' armentariura of Art 
Restrain the outflow of an evil heart ; 
Cleanse by detergent washings of the skin 
Th' immedicable leprosy of sin ; 
Remove the lunacy that chooses death, 
And imprecates destruction with each breath. 
When came the Great Physician of the Skies, 
To find a remedy that should suffice, 
Knowing 'twas not in mineral or wood, 
He sought it in a Pharmacy of Blood ; 
And since none other but His own was pure, 
He transfused that to consummate the cure. 
Man curing when past cure — content to give 
Himself to die to make His patient live. 

Death — Immortality. 

Death spreads, no more — a black and wrathful cloud 
The smiling infinite of heaven to shroud — 
A harmless mist, instead, divinely bright 
With dewy splendors of the morning light 
That scarcely serves th' eternal world to hide, 
Where loved ones gone before in bliss abide. 




BY CARLO DOLCE 






; 'hysician : 

. . u ifice, 
'ig'twasn- i.l or wood, 

of Blood, 
i His own was 
i 

1 cure — content to give 
i 7e, 



p. 79 



COSMOS. 

PSALM CIV.— Two Versions. 
GOD IN NATURE. 
MORNING HYMN. 



COSMOS.* 



PSALM CIV. 



FIRST VERSION. 



o 



LORD my God ! Thou art 
Above conception great ; 

Nature Thy wardrobe is, in part, 
The purple of Thy state. 



W Thy garment is the light: 

Around Thee, lo ! are drawn 
The starry mantle of the night, 
The vesture of the dawn. 

PSALM CIV. 

BLESS the Lord, O my soul. O Lord 2 Who coverest thyself with light as 

my God thou art very great,thou art with a garment : who stretchest out the 

clothed with honor and majesty : [Hed. heavens like a curtain; [i.e. 0/ a tent, or 

with glory and beauty.'] favilion.\ 

* Alexander Von Humboldt, in his " Cosmos," remarks : " It might be said one 
single Psalm (the hundred and fourth) represents the image of the whole Cosmos . . . 
We are astonished to find, in a lyrical poem of such a limited compass, the whole 
universe— the heavens and the earth— sketched with a few bold touches." Bishop 
Lowth in his Lectures refers again and again to this Psalm (or Idyllium, as he some- 
where calls it), and always in terms of unbounded admiration. He says : " There is 
nothing of the kind extant (indeed nothing can be conceived) more perfect than 
this hymn, whether it be considered with respect to its intrinsic beauties, or as a 
model of that species of composition," Lord Bacon dedicates to his " very good 



«4 COSMOS. 

The heavens Thou dost extend, 
As a pavilion fair ; 
bl Thy chambers' beams Thou dost suspend 
In watery depths of air. 

The clouds Thy chariot are ; 
W The winged winds Thy steeds ; 
To bear Thy messages afar 
The flaming lightning speeds. 

fsl The earth Thou founded hast 
On law's eternal base, 
That nothing should, while time shall last 
Remove it from its place. 



3 Who layeth the beams of his cham- his angels, the flaming fire his minis- 
bers in the waters ; who maketh the ters.] 

clouds his chariot ; who walketh upon 5 Who laid the foundations of the 

the wings of the wind. earth, that it should not be removed for- 

4 Who maketh his angels spirits; his ever. [Heb. " Who hath founded the 
ministers a flaming fire ; [In the French earth on its iases."] 

translation it is — Who maketh the winds 



friend, Mr. George Herbert," a version, executed in the heroic couplet — one of 
the few productions of his none too gracious Muse. Of the two versions here giv- 
en, the first is based more upon the Received Text, the other on the Marginal 
Reading, or Hebrew, where this differs. 

[Cosmos— a Greek word, meaning primarily " order ", order with beauty as a 
result, i.e. "beautiful order" — came early to stand specifically for the universe 
or world, the world contemplated as a beautiful system, characterized by the most 
perfect order. The synonymous term Macrocosm, signifying explicitly the great [or 
whole] world, is sometimes used to mark opposition more distinctly to the Micro- 
cosm, or the little world of man. ] 



COSMOS. 85 

M The garment of the deep 

Around it all was poured : 
Above the mountains' highest steep 
The haughty waters roared. 

fr] Thy dread rebuke they heard ; 
They fled, they hasted down 
Before the thunder of Thy word, 
The terror of Thy frown. 

M They climb the mountains' height, 
They down the valleys roll, 
Wave chasing wave in headlong flight 
To the appointed goal. 

M There Thou a bound hast set, 
That never more the main 
Howe'er the loud waves rage and threat 
May drown the earth again. 



6 Thou coveredst it with the deep as go down by the valleys [or, the mount - 
■with a garment : the waters stood above ains ascend, the valleys descend] unto the 
the mountains. place which thou hast founded for them. 

7 At thy rebuke they fled : at the 9 Thou hast set a bound that they 
voice of thy thunder they hasted away. may not pass over ; that they turn not 

8 They go up by the mountains ; they again to cover the earth. 



86 COSMOS. 

t J °] Into the vales, among the hills, 
A thousand fountains burst; 
There run cool brooks and murmuring rills 
["] For beasts to slake their thirst. 

1 I2 1 The fowls of heaven have near 
Their favorite retreat, 
Among the branches singing clear 
Their happy songs and sweet. 

t J 3] From out the blessed sky 

Thou send'st the genial rain, 
And thirsty vales and hill-tops dry 
Revive and laugh again. 

[m] Thy breath is in the fields, 

Thy power beneath the sod, 
Each mead and cornfield tribute yields 
And owns the present God. 



10 He sendeth the springs into the sing [give a voice] among the branches, 
valleys, which run [Her. ivalk~\ among 13 He watereth the hills from his 
the hills. chambers ; the earth is satisfied with the 

11 They give drink to every beast of fruit of thy works. 

the field ; the wild asses quench [slake] 14 He causeth the grass to grow for 

their thirst. the cattle, and herb for the service of 

12 By them shall the fowls of the man ; that he may bring food out of the 
heaven have their habitation which earth ; 



COSMOS. 87 

l j s\ For sake of man and beast, 
To satisfy their needs, 
Exhaustless Nature spreads this feast, 
This miracle proceeds. 

t l6 l Majestic cedars prop 

The nests on Lebanon ; 
t J 7] The stork prefers the fir-tree's top 

To build her house upon. 

1 ,8 1 On craggy summits, where 
No other foot can tread, 
The wild-goats seek a refuge there, 
By wondrous instinct led. 

Thou dost for all provide 

Whate'er their natures ask — 
A sphere, and faculty to guide, 

A purpose, and a task. 



15 And wine that maketh glad the sap ; the cedars of Lebanon, which he 
heart of man, and oil to make his face hath planted ; 

to shine [Heb. to make his face to shine 17 Where the birds make their nests: as 

ivitk oil, or, more than oif\, and bread for the stork, the fir-trees are her house, 

which strengthened man's heart. 18 The high hills are a refuge for the 

16 The trees of the Lord are full of wild goats ; and the rocks for the conies. 



88 COSMOS. 

M The setting sun, the rising moon, 
Their proper seasons wait — 
For punctual Nature's ne'er too soon, 
Nor ever yet too late. 

t 2 °l As down heaven's headlong steep 
The dewy night is hurled, 
Forth from their dens all wild beasts creep, 
While darkness wraps the world. 

t 2I l Young lions roar for prey, 

And seek their meat from God ; 
But when the sun arises, they 
t 22 l No longer roam abroad. 

[ 2 3] Man now, refreshed by sleep, 
Goes forth at morning light, 
To plough the fields, to sow or reap, 
Till the return of night. 



ig He appointeth the moon for sea- prey, and seek their meat from God. 

sons : the sun knoweth his going down. 22 The sun ariseth, they gather them- 

20 Thou makest darkness, and it is selves together, and lay them down in 
night : wherein all the beasts of the for- their dens. 

est do creep forth IHeb. all the beasts 23 Man goeth forth unto his work and 

thereof do trample on the/oresi\. to his labor until the evening. 

21 The young lions roar after their 



COSMOS. 89 

M O Lord, how manifold 

The products of Thy hand ! 
How wise ! how wondrous to behold \ 
How admirably planned ! 

I>5] And not the earth alone, 
But the unfathomed sea 
Is filled with myriads unknown, 
Whose being is in Thee. 

[ 26 1 There go the ships, and there 
Leviathan disports, 
And other beasts the waters bear — 
Innumerable sorts. 

I 2 7l These all on Thee depend, 

All wait on Thee for food ; 
l> 8 ] Thine open hand Thou dost extend 

And they are filled with good. 



24 Lord, how manifold are thy ^^ ^ t ^ in hM «^ e t H " B - 

works! in wisdom has thou made them /or ,-/] t phv , the re.n 

all ; the earth is full of thy riches. ^ mayest gjve the £ their m y t m 

2s So is this great and wide sea, ,jue season, 

wherein are things creeping innumera- 2 s That thou givest them they gather: 

ble, both small and great beasts. tno u openest thine hand, they are filled 

26 There go the ships; there is that with good. 



9© COSMOS. 

[29] That moment Thou dost hide, 
Benignant Lord ! Thy face, 
They down to swift destruction glide 
They die and leave no trace. 

M Thou spread'st Thy brooding wing, 
Thou sendest forth Thy breath, 
And countless forms of life upspring 
From out the dust of death. 

The earth, that late was seen 

Shrunk by the fatal cold, 
Warmed by Thy smile, appears as green 

And beauteous as of old. 



kO Thy glory doth endure, 

Thy goodness doth not pass, 
Thy works reflect Thine image pure, 
Distinct as in a glass. 



are created : and thou renewest the 

op Thou hidest thy face, they are face of the earth. 
troubled; thou takestaway their breath, 3 , The g i or y of the Lord shall endure 

they die, and return to their dust. forever j the Lord shall rejoice in his 

30 Thou sendest forth thy spirit, they works. 



COSMOS. 91 

L32] Awe-struck beneath Thy gaze, 

Earth shakes from South to North ; 
At Thy bare touch the mountains blaze, 
Volcanic fires burst forth. 

I33] While I have power to praise, 
And being have and breath, 
My joyful song to Thee I'll raise, 
Nor shall they cease at death. 

[34] What tongue cannot repeat, 

That silence shall express — 
My thoughts of Thee shall still be sweet 
Whose love is fathomless. 

[35] Though Thou canst be severe, 
As impious men shall know, 
Yet to the humble and sincere 
Thy grace doth overflow.. 



32 He looketh on the earth, and it 34 My meditation of him shall be 
trembleth ; he toucheth the hills, and sweet ; I will be glad in the Lord, 
they smoke. 35 Let the sinners be consumed out 

33 I will sing unto the Lord as long of the earth, and let the wicked be no 
asllive; I will sing praise to my God more. Bless thou the Lord, O my Soul. 
while I have my being. Praise ye the Lord. 



92 COSMOS. 

My soul, bless Thou the Lord ! 
Glad hallelujahs sing ! 
Let rapturous praise be ever poured 
From an exhaustless spring. 



PSALM CIV. 



SECOND VERS ION. 



o 



LORD my God ! Thou art, 
Of all that is, the soul, 
The mystery of every part, 
The glory of the whole. 



W Thou art the Light of light, 
Light is Thy dazzling veil, 
Compared with this, Thy raiment white, 
The light of suns is pale. 

With high aerial grace, 

The azure firmament 
Thou hangest o'er the empty place, 

In likeness of a tent. 



COSMOS. 93 

[3] Thy chambers' buoyant beams 
Rest on that upper sea, 
Where unseen rivers flow, and streams 
Pour tribute silently. 

Thou makest clouds Thy car, 
W By winds tempestuous driven ; 
Th' obedient lightnings bear afar 
The messages of Heaven. 

[5] Immovably Thy hand 

The earth established ; still, 
Beneath its strong foundations, stand 
The pillars of Thy will. 

M Thou poured'st the deep around, 

Whose waters roared and swirled 
Above the mountains of a drowned 
And ocean buried world. 

[7] At Thy rebuking word, 

They trembling fled away ; 
The thunder of Thy voice they heard 
And hastened to obey. 



94 COSMOS. 

tel In endless ebb they shrink 
To lower levels fast — 
The mountains rise, the valleys sink — 
Till, gathered at the last, 

bl They keep the place assigned, 
Th' unsounded depth of seas, 
By bars of adamant confined 
And Thy unchanged decrees. 

I T °] In valleys cool and sweet 

Spring brooks and murmuring rills, 
That walk the meads with shining feet 
And run among the hills. 

["J Beasts of the field there drink, 

Wild asses thirst allay ; 
1 12 1 Among the trees that shade the brink 

Sing happy birds all day. 

M Thou water'st all the land, 
And makest glad the sod ; 
The earth contented owns the hand 
And husbandry of God. 



cosmos, 95 

M Thou makest grass to spring 
For cattle, and dost plan 
Supplies of every needful thing 
For the support of man. 

t's] The tilled and teeming soil 

Brings forth the foodful wine, 
That cheers the heart of man, and oil 
That makes his face to shine. 

f l6 l The cedars of the Lord, 
The pride of Lebanon, 
With plenteous sap and vigor stored, 
Thou planted'st every one. 

M The birds there build, and hide 
Their nests from human ken ; 
Fir-trees for storks a house provide 
Far from the haunts of men. 

l l8 J The wild goats climb the steep 
Of friendly hills that mocks 
Pursuing feet, and conies creep 
For safety in the rocks. 



96 COSMOS. 

All these Thy thoughts employ, 
Thy tender mercies share, 

The great and mean alike enjoy 
Thy universal care. 

1'9] The changeful moon observes 
Thy ordinances yet ; 
The sun his orbit keeps, nor swerves, 
And knows his time to set. 

t 2 °] Thou makest dark — 'tis night — 
Mid settling shadows brown, 
Wild beasts with eyeballs flashing light 
The forest trample down, 

[21] Young lions roar for prey, 

And food from thee require ; 

M But when the sun arises, they 
Back to their dens retire. 

M After the night's repose, 

Refreshed in every power, 
Man to his work and labor goes 
Until the evening: hour. 



COSMOS. 97 

M O Lord, how manifold 

Thy works, in wisdom framed ! 
The earth is full of wealth untold, 
Beneficence unnamed. 

1>5] So this great sea and wide, 

Where things unnumbered creep : 
Beasts small and great there swiftly glide, 
And populate the deep. 

M There go the ships ; there plough 
Monsters of mighty fin, 
That huge leviathan whom Thou 
Hast made to play therein. 

t 2 ?! These wait without alarm 

On Thee, their bounteous Lord, 
Who hang'st Creation on Thine arm, 
And feed'st it at Thy board. 

I> s ] Thy love and pity grand 

Assure them timely food : 
Thou op'nest Thy paternal hand, 
And they are filled with good. 
7 



gS COS M OS. 

t 2 9l Thou hid'st Thy face, and they 
Are struck with mortal fear ; 
Thou takest soon their breath away, 
They die and disappear : 

[j°1 Thy Spirit broods above — 

They live, in number more ; 
The earth beneath Thy smile of love, 
Seems fairer than before. 

fc'l The glory of Thy power 

Shall stand, as it has stood 
Since that divine rejoicing hour 
Thou madest all things good. 

M Earth trembles at the stroke 

Of Thy swift-glancing eyes ; 
The hills Thou touchest and they smoke, 
Volcanic flames arise. 

[33I O Lord my God ! I fling 

Me down at Thy dear feet ; 
There will I lie, and gladly sing 
Adoring anthems sweet. 



COSMOS. 99 



t35] Bless thou the Lord, my soul ! 
Permitted as thou art, 
Of this majestic cosmic whole, 
To form a noble part. 



GOD IN NATURE. 

TO see with eyes of wonder, and with heart 
Of worship, God, in all — the Mystery, 
That renders sacred most familiar things — 
With priestly ministrations here to stand 
In the grand Temple of the Universe, 
Voicing the praises of all creatures mute, 
This is Religion, and for this alone 
Was man created sovereign of the world. 

Yea ! all things are of God. This infinite 
And unimaginable Universe, 
Built up of atoms, hath no other Cause, 
No other Father. His unutterable Will 
Is the foundation on which Nature rests. 
God underlieth every meanest grain ; 



ioo COSMOS. 

There, even there, is His omnipotence 
And love and wisdom, else it could not be. 
Glorious with a divine significance, 
And full of mighty motives to adore, 
Is the dull clod we tread beneath our feet. 
The shadow of each footfall covers space 
Made awful with the tokens of the Unseen. 
Of common dust, no handful but contains 
Problems for Science, arguments for Faith, 
That not the patient and untiring search 
Of studious years can number or exhaust. 
There power is resident, and forces work 
In secrecy and silence. 'Tis a part 
Of the great whole, indissolubly joined, 
And needful to the mighty equipoise 
Of all the orbs that circulate in space. 
Subtract that element, and means of strength, 
And the great pillars that support the world . 
Shall crumble instantly and fall to wreck. 
It lies, and shall yet lie, where it has lain 
From the beginning, in its Maker's palm, 
An instrument of power to do His will. 
A gust of summer wind sweeps suddenly 



COS A/ OS. IOI 

Along this dry frequented thoroughfare. 
Pursue each particle of flying dust ; 
O'ertake and seize the air-blown fugitive ; 
Strictly interrogate, and, if need be, 
Extort confession from reluctant lips ; 
Compel th' imprisoned secret, whence it came 
And what it is. It has a history. 
Lo ! ages back it wrought, and, ever since, 
In various forms, through changes manifold 
Of protean existence, played its part. 
Perhaps it dwelt with Adam ere he sinned 
In Paradise, and fed the healthful springs 
Of an immortal vigor ; otherwise with Eve, 
To make her first and fairest of her sex, 
Supreme in unimagined loveliness. 
Wondrous its essence then. O Ignorant ! 
Who vainly deem aught mean or meaningless, 
Since in the very ultimates of things, 
In fragmentary atoms, God is seen 
Minutely miniatured, His image traced 
In multiplied reflections clear and bright, 
As some chance-shattered mirror truly shows 
The object that confronts it in each part. 



02 COSMOS. 

If what is least reveals Him : testifies 
Surely and sweetly of the present God ; 
If each dull particle of sordid earth 
The latent light of Deity enshrines, 
Whose liberated and outbursting pomp, 
The lustre of the diamond would shame, 
And stain the radiance of all the stars ; 
If dust is eloquent and atoms preach ; 
If elementary component parts, 
With separate utterances of pregnant proof, 
And mystic characters compactly writ, 
Are each and all condensed embodiments, 
Examples and epistles of His love ; 
With what a rapturous, o'erwhelming might 
Of certainty, and bliss of kneeling awe, 
The glorious Aggregate and wondrous Whole, 
So all ablaze with Godhead, on the sight 
Now presses, and invites my trembling lyre ! 

Opens the eye, and, lo, a Universe ! 
A flash of vision issuing from the lids 
Of darkness ; an ubiquity of thought, 
A rush of consciousness o'erflowing space, 
And reaching boundaries of worlds so far,, 



COSMOS. 103 

That Light's swift messenger, dispatched from thence 

At the creation, has but just arrived. 

O my Mind's Beautiful ! My own Heart's Bride ! 

That, with surrender of thy powerful charms, 

Leaps to th' encounter of my Soul's embrace ! 

O inexpressible Reality! the All ! 

So multiform and marvellous ; so near 

And neighboring ; as day familiar ! Sleep 

A while excludes, but, punctual as the Morn, 

At the low portal of th' awakened Sense, 

Thou stoop'st to enter in with all thy train. 

Ye dwellers in mud-huts, who look, perchance, 
With squint and hungry eyes and pining heart, 
At the palatial mansions of the rich, 
Angry with Fortune, wherefore are ye thus ? 
Ungrateful ! is not this your Father's house — 
This domed and decorated Universe — 
And have ye not the privilege of sons ? 
All day and half the night ye are abroad, 
Awake and wonder-struck. What matters it 
How mean your dormitory, you asleep ? 
How rude or scant your chamber's furniture ? 
Sleep takes no knowledge, occupied with dreams, 
Haply reversive of your differing lots. 



104 COS M OS. 

Costly or coarse my couch, be it my wont, 
Always to leave Sleep's leaden doors ajar, 
That the first glimmerings of diluted light, 
Dusk heralds of the Dawn, may enter in, 
And rouse me from short slumber. Who would wish 
In such a world to waste the precious hours? 
To tarry snoring in a slothful bed, 
What time the risen and rejoicing lark 
Goes up to meet the Morning ? Yet once more, 
While in my eyeballs lives unquenched the day, 
I would behold that miracle of God. 

Usurping Night sits throned among the Stars, 
Her dreadful shadow filling all the void, 
Sovereign and sole. But, lo ! her Rival comes 
To hurl her from her seat. Already, see ! 
Prevenient splendors run along the sky ; 
The East each moment brightens more and more, 
As nears the jeweled chariot of the Sun, 
Where rides in awful state the King of Day. 
Lances and spears and javelins of flame 
Rain upward, an inverted shower, and wound 
And put to flight the punishable Dark, 
Guilty and filled with ignominious fears. 









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COSMOS. 10 5 

Not so the blameless and unfearing Clouds, 

Born of the Light, and Children of the Sun. 

These do not fly, but motionless and calm, 

With grief of absence and long watching pale, 

Now flushed with pleasure at his near approach, 

In reverent, expectant posture, wait 

To smile back welcome to their glorious Sire, 

Who seals, Good morrow ! with a heavenly kiss. 

All things put off their melancholy mien. 

The Earth, that wept all night her absent lord, 

Her cold cheek wet with tears, now makes each drop 

A brilliant mirror to reflect her joy. 

The streams sing louder ; and unnumbered birds 

Flitting from bough to bough in the green wood, 

Or high in air, exert their little throats 

To testify delight. The flowers, which shut 

Last night their gaily painted leaves, and hid 

And husbanded their store of sweets, yield up 

Their gathered fragrance. Greener gleams the grass. 

The beautiful foliage of all the trees 

Quivers with secret rapture. Zephyrs soft, 

Breezes Favonian, feel new pulses beat 

Within, and waking wave invisible wings. 

But what a glory crowns the mountain-tops, 



106 COSMOS. 

When bursts the budding Day into full flower. 
Uprising from th' abyss like world new-made 
The blazing Wonder comes. It touches now, 
Now overtops the Earth's circumference, 
And pours great floods of light into the void, 
And fills up all the mighty gulfs of space — 
The flux and fullness of that shoreless sea 
Which deluges and drowns and swallows all, 
Yea ! and baptizes all things unto God. 

Who can resist the impulse of glad praise ? 
Father of Lights ! Sun of the Universe, 
Here imaged ! Thee, we magnify, we bless, 
We worship ! we have greatest cause. 
Of all Thy creatures, Thou, to man alone, 
Hast given mind, imagination, heart ; 
The knowledge of Thyself and of Thy works -> 
The inspiration and the joy of Faith. 
Enlightened by Thy immaterial beams, 
He sees a beauty others cannot see. 
He hears a melody no others hear ; 
He. feels a rapture none else comprehends 
Well may he join the general jubilee ; 
As first in dignity be first in praise ; 
As first in favor foremost too in thanks; 



COSMOS. 107 

Articulate voice and utterance to all, 
As in himself the sum of all, and more ; 
His animal perfection topped and crowned 
With a religious and immortal soul, 
Electric with a mystery of life, 
Related to that mystery divine, 
Which dwells in all, and is the soul of all, 
Whence, like a body oppositely charged, 
He touches nature, and sustains a shock 
Thrilling his being to its lowest depths. 



MORNING HYMN. 



GT 



OD, my security ! 
Let me in purity 
Hymn Thy high praises while morning's yet dark- 
Slumbering humanity 
Dreaming of vanity, 
How is it shamed by the worshipping lark ! 

Lowly in attitude, 
Musical gratitude 
Fain would I pour to Thee fervent and sweet — 



10S COSMOS. 

Thank Thee in verity, 
Bless in sincerity, 
Wonder, and worship, and wait at Thy feet ! 

Thou, whose benignity, 

Hellish malignity 
Baffling, with sleep refresheth the world — 

Nature's sweet chirrupings, 

Warblings and worshippings, 
Hear, while the banner of day is unfurled ! 

Pride of the firmament, 
Fadeless and permanent, 

Star of the morning ! begin the soft lay — 
Lovingly lingering, 
Singing, and fingering 

Viols of sweetness preluding the day ! 

Constellar mysteries ! 
Known are your histories, 

Countless and boundless, ye rose at His call- 
Boast His ubiquity, 
Greater antiquity, 

Always and everywhere, God all in all ! 



COSMOS. I0 9 

Queen of serenity, 

Grace and amenity, 
Walking in brightness and blessing the earth — 

Aye in thy wandering, 

Fondly be pondering, 
Proofs of His matchless and manifold worth ! 

Orient hoverings ! 

Kindlings and coverings ! 
Flaming the firmament, flashing afar, 

Duskiness scattering, 

Mountain-tops flattering, 
Chasing my spirit's gloom, tell whence ye are ! 

Type of Divinity ! 

Over infinity 
Throwing a mantle of beauty and light ; 

Life of the perishing, 

Cheering and cherishing, 
Blazon His goodness and wisdom and might ! 

Earth ! in simplicity, 
Sing thy felicity, 
Bosomed in azure, and bride of the sky ; 



COSMOS. 

Favored and beautiful, 
No more undutiful, 
Low at His footstool contentedly lie ! 

Wondrous reality, 

Forms of vitality, 
Countless in number, O come in your need ! 

Come ye, adoringly ! 

Come ye, imploringly ! 
Every one trusting His love will you feed. 

Airy profundity ! 

Round this rotundity, 
Shedding on all benediction and balm — 

Tempests, cloud-sundering, 

Dreadfully thundering, 
Lift with all winds the powerful Psalm ! 

Bluest Ethereal ! 

Bright Immaterial ! 
Th' infinite Heavens encompassing all ! 

Cope of Immensity ! 

Sound with intensity 
Praises to God from your echoing wall ! 



WORKS 



ABRAHAM COLES, M.D., LL.D. 



REVIEWED BY 



EMINENT CRITICS 



WORKS OF ABRAHAM COLES, M.D., LL.D. 



LATIN HYMNS, in Four Parts, viz.: 

I. Dies Ir^, in Thirteen Original Versions. Sixth 

edition. (1892.) 
II. Stabat Mater (Dolorosa). Third edition. 

III. Stabat Mater (Speciosa). Second edition. 

IV. Old Gems in New Settings. Third edition. 

All bound together, with biographical and critical 
prefaces, with full-page illustrations of: "The Last 
Judgment," by Michael Angelo; "Christus Remuner- 
ator," "St. Augustine and His Mother," "Faith and 
Hope," by Ary Scheffer; " Mary at the Cross," by Paul 
Delaroche; Raphael's " Madonna di San Sisto," the gem 
of the Dresden gallery; "Ecstasy and Prayer," by Ch. 
Landelle; etc., etc. Crown, 8vo, pp. 249. $3.00. 

THE MICROCOSM AND OTHER POEMS. 

Including three additional versions of the " Dies Irse," 
National Lyrics, and Hymns for Children. Beautifully 
illustrated. Crown, 8vo, pp. 348. $2.50. 

THE LIFE AND TEACHINGS OF OUR LORD. 
In Verse. 

Being a complete, harmonized exposition of the four 
gospels, with original notes, etc. A cyclopaedia of re- 
ligious knowledge. Two volumes in one. 

Illustrated with Munkacsy's "Christ Before Pilate." 
Crown, 8vo, pp. 800. $2.50. 



THE LIFE AND TEACHINGS OF OUR LORD. 
In Verse. Two volumes, viz.: 

Vol. I. The Evangel. 

Illustrated with twenty-eight full-page " artotype ' 
copies of: " Ecce Homo," by Guido Reni; "The Four 
Evangelists," by Thorwaldsen ; "Salvator Mundi," by 
Carlo Dolce; "The First Death," by Adrian V. Werff ; 
"The Annunciation," by Prof. E. Deger; " The Visita- 
tion," by Bida; "Golgotha," by J. L. Gerome; "La 
Notte," by Correggio; "The Presentation in the Tem- 
ple," by W. T. C. Dobson; "The Magi Going to Bethle- 
hem," by J. Portaels; "The Flight into Egypt," by 
Dorothea Lister; "The Massacre of the Innocents," by 
Guido; " The Shadow of the Cross," by Phil. R. Morris; 
"Nazareth," by W. T. C. Dobson; "The Good Shep- 
herd," by Murillo; "The Finding of the Saviour in the 
Temple," by W. Holman Hunt; "The Voice in the 
Wilderness," by Guido Reni; "Jesus, the Christ," by 
Ary Scheffer; "The Scapegoat," by W. Holman Hunt; 
"The Temptation," by Ary Scheffer; " Christus Con- 
solator," by Ary Scheffer; "The Holy Family," by F. 
Ittenbach; "Christ's Mother and Brethren," by Bida; 
"The Marriage at Cana," by Paul Veronese; "Christ 
by the Sea of Galilee," by Bida; " Jeptha's Return," by 
Leon Glaize ; " Ruth and Naomi," by Ary Scheffer; 
"The Cleansing of the Temple," by Barthelemy Man- 
fredi; " Invocation and Petition," by Ch. Landelle; etc. 
Crown, 8vo, pp. 405. $3.50. 

Vol. II. The Light of the World. 

Including translations of various Latin Hymns and 
illustrated with full-page " artotype " copies of : 
"Christ Before Pilate," by Munkacsy ; "The Good 
Shepherd," by Dobson; "Christ and His Disciples on 
Their Way to Emmaus," by B. Plockhorst; etc. Crown, 
Svo, pp. 395. $2.50. 



A NEW RENDERING OF THE HEBREW PSALMS 
INTO ENGLISH VERSE. 

With notes, critical, historical and biographical, in- 
cluding an historical sketch of the French, English and 
Scotch metrical versions, pp. 300. $1 25. 

MAN, THE MICROCOSM. Fifth (Physicians') edi- 
tion. (1892.) 

With portrait of the author, and full-page illustrations 
of "Ambrose Pare, the Father of French Surgery;" ''Ed- 
ward Jenner, the Discoverer of Vaccination; " "Andreas 
Vesalius, author of the immortal work, ' De Corporis 
Humani Fabrica ; ' " "William Harvey Demonstrating 
to Charles I, His Theory of the Circulation of the 
Blood;" Rembrandt's famous "Lesson in Anatomy — 
Prof. Tulp and His Pupils; " the "Apollo Belvedere," 
from a photograph of the original statue; the "Venus 
de Medici, which from its exquisite proportions and 
perfection of contour has become the most celebrated 
standard of female form extant;" " Theodor Billroth 
and his Clinical Assistants, Vienna;" etc. $2.50. 

An appropriate gift to a physician. 

ABRAHAM COLES. Biographical Sketch; Memorial 
Tributes; Selections from his Writings, 

Some hitherto unpublished, (including Two New Ver- 
sions, the Seventeenth and Eighteenth, of the "Dies 
Irse"); eight full-page illustrations; steel portrait of Dr. 
Coles, etc., etc. Edited by his son, Jonathan Acker- 
man Coles, A. M., M. D., 1892, pp. 350. $2.50. 

For sale by all booksellers; or sent, at our expense, to 
any address, on receipt of price mentioned. 

D. APPLETON & CO., Publishers, New York. 



CRITICS AND CRITICISMS. 



CRITICS AND CRITICISMS. 

Richard Grant White (1821-1885), in "The Albion": 
"We commend the volume, 'Dies Irae, in Thirteen Original Ver- 
sions/ as one of great interest; and an admirable tribute from 
American scholarship and poetic taste to the supreme nobility of the 
original poem. Dr. Coles has shown a fine appreciation of the 
spirit and rhythmic movement of the Hymn, as well as unusual 
command of language and rhyme; and we much doubt whether any 
translation of the ' Dies Ira.,' better than the first of the thirteen, will 
ever be produced in English, except perhaps by himself. ... As to 
the translation of the Hymn, it is perhaps the most difficult task 
<hat could be undertaken. To render 'Faust' or the 'Songs of 

Egmont' into fitting English numbers, would be easy in com- 

parison." 

The Rev. Samuel Irenaeus Prime, D. D. (1812-1885), in 
the " New York Observer ": 

-The book is a gem both typographically and ntrinsically; beau- 
tifully printed at the ' Riverside Press,' in the loveliest antique type, 
on tinted paper, with liberal margins, embellished with exquisite 
photographs of the great masterpieces of Christian art, and withal 
elegantly and solidly bound in Matthew's best style, a gentleman- 
like book, suggestive of Christmas and the centre-table; and its 
contents worthy of their dainty envelope, amply entitling it as well 
to a place on the shelves of the scholar The first two of the 



thirteen versions of the 'Dies Irse' appeared in the 'Newark Daily 
Advertiser' as long ago as 1847. They were extensively copied by 
the press, and warmly commended — particularly by the Rev. Drs. 
James W. Alexander and W. R. Williams, scholars whose critical 
acumen and literary ability are universally recognized — as being 
the best of the English versions in double rhyme; and examp'es of 
singular success in a difficult undertaking, in which many, and of 
eminent name, had been competitors. The eleven other versions 
are worthy companions of those which have received such eminent 
endorsement. Indeed, we are not sure but that the last, which is 
in the same measure as Crashaw's, but in our judgment far superior, 
will please the general taste most of all." 

William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878), in the New York 
"Evening Post": 

" There are few versions of the Hymn which will b_ar to be 
compared with these; we are surprised that they are all so well 
done." 

James Russell Lowell (1819-1891), in "The Atlantic 
Monthly": 

" Dr. Coles has made, we think, the most successful attempt at 

an English translation of the Hymn that we have ever seen 

He has done so well that we hope he will try his hand on some of 
the other Latin Hymns. By rendering them in their own metres, 
and with so large a transfusion of their spirit as characterizes his 
present attempt, he will be doing a real service to the lovers of 
that kind of religious poetry in which neither the religion nor 
the poetry is left out. He has shown that he knows the worth 
of faithfulness." 



" Christian (Quarterly) Review :" 

"Of Dr. Coles' remarkable success as respects these particulars 
{namely, faithfulness and variety), no one competent to judge can 
doubt. . . . For all that enters into a good translation, fidelity to 
the sense of the original, uniform conformity to its tenses, preser- 
vation of its metrical form without awkwardly inverting, inele- 
gantly abbreviating, or violently straining the sense of the words, 
and the reproduction of its vital spirit — for all these qualities Dr. 
Coles' first translation stands, we believe, not only unsurpassed, 
but unequalled in the English language." 

"The Boston Transcript" says: 

"The 'Dies Irae'is by far the most interesting hymn to Protestants 
and poets, of all that our fathers used to sing or hear in a strange 
tongue ' not understanded of the people;' and so thoroughly has the 
translator (Dr. Coles) entered the circle of the old song's heat and 
strength that he has been carried through it again and again, and 
here are more than a dozen versions of the same Latin words, and 
an historical criticism in a strong, earnest and poetical style akin 
to that of the hymn itself." 

Lady Jane Franklin, wife of Sir John Franklin, when 

in this country, met Dr. Coles at the residence of a 

mutual friend; similarity of tastes, and the interest 

taken by Dr. Coles in the search for her husband, 

ripened the acquaintanceship into that of friendship. 

From her letter written from New York, October 22d, 

i860, we quote the following: 

' Dr. Abraham Coles: 

" .Dear Sir — I cannot deny myself the pleasure of thanking you 



once more for your most beautiful little book, 'The Dies Irae, in 
Thirteen Original Versions,' which I value not only for its intrinsic 
merit, but as an expression of your very kind feelings towards me. 
Believe me, gratefully and truly yours." 

William C. Prime, in the "Journal of Commerce": 

"Dr. A. Coles has long been known to the literary world as 
specially successful in the translation of Latin Hymns. His render- 
ings of the ' Dies Irae' are familiar to many readers. He has now 
also prepared a book entitled 'Old Gems in New Settings,' an exquisite 
volume, in which we find the ' De Contemptu Mundi,' the 'Vent 
Sancte Spiritus, and other fine old favorites skillfully and grace- 
fully translated. The grand hymn or poem of Bernard de Clugny, 
of which the extracts in this book are styled ' Urbs Coelestis Syon,' 
is rendered in a style very nearly resembling the original, and 
gives the reader, who does not understand Latin, an excellent idea 
of the peculiar characteristics of the hymn of Bernard. Besides 
these, we have the ' Stabat Mater,' with, a complete history of the 
noble hymn, and a very fine translation. The lovers of old hymns 
owe a special debt of gratitude to Dr. Coles for the good taste and 
the thorough appreciation and ability which he brings to the work 
of placing these glorious old songs within reach of the modern 
world. We could wish them to become favorites in every family, 
and they will so become in spite of their Latin origin." 

The Rev. Philip Schaff, D. D., LL. D., in "Hours at 
Home": 

"There are about eighty German translations of the "Stabat 
Mater' and several English translations. But very few of the latter 
strictly preserve the original metre. The English double rhyme 
rarely expresses the melody and pathos of the Latin. Dr. Abraham 



Coles, the well-known author of fourteen translations of ' Dies Irae,' 
has probably best succeeded in a faithful rendering of the ' Mater 
Dolorosa.' * * * The admirable English version of the ' Mater 
Dolorosa,' which carefully preserves the measure of the original, 
is from Dr. Coles, who kindly granted us permission to use it." 

"The Republican," Springfield, Mass.: 

" Dr. Abraham Coles won fame, and sure fame, by the most 
poetic and truthful translations ever given of that great mediaeval 
hymn, the 'Dies Irae.'" 

George Ripley (1802-1880), in the "New York Tribune": 

" United with a rare command of language and facility of versi- 
fication, this is the secret of the eminent success with which the 
translator has reproduced the solemn litany of the Middle Ages in 
such a variety of forms. If not all of equal excellence, it is hard to 
decide as to their respective merits, so admirably do they embody 
the tone and sentiment of the original in vigorous and impressive 
verse. The essays which precede and follow the Hymn, exhibit the 
learning and the taste of the translator in a most favorable light, 
and show that an antiquary and a poet have not been lost in the 
study of science and the practice of a laborious profession. In 
addition to the thirteen versions of ' Dies Irae,' the volume contains 
translations of the ' Stabat Mater,' ' Urbs Ccelestis Syon,' 'Veni 
Creator Spiritus,' and other choice mediaeval hymns which have 
been executed with equal unction and felicity. 

" We have also a poem by the same author, entitled ' The Micro- 
cosm,' read before the Medical Society of New Jersey at its centenary 
anniversary. It is an ingenious attempt to present the principles 
of the animal economy in a philosophical poem, somewhat after 
the manner of Lucretius, and combining scientific analysis with 



religious sentiment. In ordinary hands, we should not regard this 
as a happy, nor a safe experiment, but the dexterity with which it 
has been managed by Dr. Coles, illustrates his versatile talent as 
well as the originality of his conceptions. 

The Rev. James McCosh, D. D., LL. D., President 

of the College of New Jersey, in a letter to Dr. Coles : 

"Princeton, N. J. 
"I have read with the liveliest delight your translations of the 
' Latin Hymns.' I wonder how you could have drawn out thirteen 
of the ' Dies Irae,' all in the spirit and manner of the original, and 
yet so different. I thought each the best as I read it. * * * * 
I have read enough of ' The Microcosm' to see that it is thoroughly 
scientific." 

Richard Stockton Field, LL. D., (1803-1870), in 1838 
Attorney General of New Jersey; in 1862 United States 
Senator; in 1863 appointed by President Lincoln United 
States District Judge for the District of New Jersey; at 
che time of his death President of the New Jersey His- 
torical Society: 

" Princeton, N. J. 
"Dr. Abraham Coles: 

"My Dear Sir — With the original 'Dies Irae' and 'Stabat 
Mater' I have long been familiar. They have always had a pecul- 
iar charm, I may say fascination, about them, and I have loved to 
repeat them. And now I have no hesitation in saying that they 
never have been, and I doubt if they ever will be, as well translated 
into English verse as they are in your volume. 

"Knowing the difficulty of the task, seeing how others have 



failed. I am indeed astonished at your success. With the strictest 
fidelity, your translations have all the tenderness, pathos and 
rhythm of the beautiful and touching originals. I speak more 
particularly of the first of the ' Dies Irse' and of the ' Stabat Mater.' 
The two first stanzas of the latter are perfect. 

"Your ' Microcosm,' too, is a noble poem. It has many strik- 
ingly beautiful passages. It evinces science and culture, and poet- 
ical talent of high order. You display great command of language, 
and great facility of versification. Your prose also is easy and 
graceful. I am glad of the opportunity afforded me of rendering 
this feeble tribute to their merits. Very truly yours." 

The " Newark Daily Advertiser :" 

"Dr. Coles has supplied a want and done a graceful work in 
"The Microcosm." What the flower or babbling stream is to Words- 
worth, that is the stranger, more complex, and more beautiful human 
frame to our author. In its organs, its powers, its aspirations, and 
its passions, he finds ample theme for song. . . Everywhere the 
rhythm is flowing and easy, and no scholarly man can peruse the 
work without a glance of wonder at the varied erudition, classical, 
poetical, and learned, that crowds its pages, and overflows in foot- 
notes. And through the whole is a devout religious tone and a 
purity of purpose worthy of all praise." 

Edmund C. Stedman: 

" Dr. Coles' researches, made so lovingly and conscientiously in 
his special field of poetical scholarship, have given him a distinct 
and most enviable position among American authors. We of the 
younger sort learn a lesson of reverent humility from the pure 
enthusiasm with which he approaches and handles his noble themes. 
The ' tone ' of all his works is perfect. He is so thoroughly in sym- 
pathy with his subjects that the lay reader instantly shares his 



feeling; and there is a kind of 'white light' pervading the whole— » 
prose and verse — which at any time tranquilizes and purifies the 
mind." 

The Rev. Robert Turnbull, D. D.: 

"I have finished the reading of ' The Microcosm,' which hai 
afforded me unmingled delight. It is really a remarkable poem, 
and has passages of great beauty and power. It cannot fail t» 
secure the admiration of all capable' of appreciating it. Its ease, 
its exquisite finish, its vivid yet delicate and powerful imagery, and 
above all its sublime religious interest, entitle it to a very high placs 
in our literature." 

John G. Whittier: 

" Dr. Abraham Coles is a born hymn writer. No man living o. 
dead has so rendered the text and the spirit of th^ old and wonder, 
ful Latin Hymns. * * * His 'All the Days' and his ' Ever With. 
Thee' are immortal songs. It is better to have written them thar» 
the stateliest of epics. * * * The idea of 'The Microcosm' is 
novel and daring, but it is worked out with great skill and deli. 
cacy. * * * 'The Evangel' is a work of piety and beauty. The 
Proem opens with strong, vigorous yet melodious verse. I see no 
reason why the Divine Story may not be fitly told in poetry." 

Rev. S. I. Prime, D. D., in "The New York Observer": 

" 'The Evangel in Verse,' is the ripest fruit of the scholarship, 
taste and poetic talent of one of our accomplished students of Eng- 
lish verse, whose translations of ' Dies Irae' and other poems have 
made the name of Dr. Coles familiar in the literature of our day. 
In the work before us he has attempted something higher and 
better than any former essay of his skillful pen. He has rendered 



the Gospel story of our Lord and Saviour into verse, with copious 
notes, giving the largest amount of knowledge from critical 
authorities to justify and explain the readings and to illuminate the 
sacred narrative. . . . He excludes everything fictitious, and clings 
to the orthodox view of the character and mission of the God-man. 
The illustrations are a complete pictorial anthology. Thus the 
poet, critic, commentator and artist has made a volume that will 
take its place among the rare productions of the age, as an illustra- 
tion of the genius, taste, and fertile scholarship of the author." 

George Ripley, in the "New York Tribune" : 

" The purpose of this volume, 'The Evangel,' would be usually 
regarded as beyond the scope of poetic composition. It aims to re- 
produce the scenes of the Gospel History in verse, with a strict ad- 
herence to the sacred narrative and no greater degree of imaginative 
coloring than would serve to present the facts in the most brilliant 
and impressive light. But the subject is one with which the author 
cherishes so profound a sympathy, as in some sense to justify the 
boldness of the attempt. The Oriental cast of his mind allures him 
to the haunts of sacred song, and produces a vital communion with 
the spirit of Hebrew poetry. Had he lived in the days of Isaiah or 
Jeremiah, he might have been one of the bards who sought inspira- 
tion 'at Siloa's brook that flowed fast by the oracle of God.' The 
present work is not the first fruits of his religious Muse, but he is 
already known to the lovers of mediaeval literature by his admir- 
able translations of the ' Dies Irse.' . . . The volume is brought out 
in a style of unusual elegance, as it respects the essential requisites 
of paper, print and binding, while the copious illustrations will at- 
tract notice by their selection of the most celebrated works of the 
best masters." 



The Rev. James McCosh, D. D., LL. D., upon the 
publication of " The Evangel : " 

"College of New Jersey, 

"Princeton, N. J. 
"You are giving to the world further proof that we did ourselves 
honor in conferring upon you some years ago the honorary degree 
of LL. D. * * * * I spent several hours last Sabbath in read- 
ing your poem, and relished it very much." 

Daniel Haines (1801-1877), in 1843 elected Governor 
of New Jersey, and re-elected in 1847; Judge of the 
Supreme Court; one of the committee on the reunion 
of the two branches of the Presbyterian Church : 

"Hamburg, N. J. 

"My Dear Sir — lean scarcely find fitting words in which to 
express my sincere thanks for your kind remembrance of me in the 
presentation of the beautiful copy of your recent work, ' The 
Evangel in Verse.' From the introduction, the proem and a few 
chapters, I judge it to be a work of rare excellence. The metrical 
composition is pleasant to the ear and eye, and is remarkable for its 
literal meaning. To me the greater charm is its clear and forcible 
expressions of evangelical truth and sound Christian doctrine. 

"It is the most succinct and complete refutation of the doctrine 
of Darwin and Huxley that I have seen. 

"The Christian world owes you a debt of gratitude for your 
labor and research, and heartfelt thanks to God for giving you the 
ability to produce a book so full of instruction, and affording so 
much gratification to the cultivated mind." 

The Rev. George Dana Boardman, D. D.: 
" ' The Evangel in Verse ' is a feast to the eye and ear and heart. 



The careful exegesis, the conscientious loyalty to the statements of 
the Holy Story, the sympathetic reproduction of a remote and 
Oriental past, the sacred insight into the meaning of the Peerless 
Career, the homageful yet manly, unsuperstitious reverence, the 
rhythm as melodious as stately, the frequent notes, opulent in learn- 
ing and doctrine and devotion, the illustrations deftly culled from 
whatever is choice in ancient and modern art, these are some of 
the many excellencies which give to 'The Evangel in Verse' an im- 
mortal beauty and worth, adding it as another coronet for Him on 
whose brow are many diadems." 

The Rev. Charles Hodge, D. D., LL. D. (1797-1878): 

" I admire the skill which 'The Evangel' displays in investing 
with rainbow hues the simple narrations of the Gospels. All, how- 
ever, who have read Dr. Coles' versions of the ' Dies Irae ' and other 
Latin Hymns must be prepared to receive any new productions 
from his pen with high expectations. In these days when even the 
clerical office seems in many cases insufficient to protect from the 
present fashionable form of scepticism, it is a great satisfaction to 
see a man of science and a scholar adhering so faithfully to the 
simple Gospel." 

The Hon. Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen : 

" United States Senate Chamber, 

"Washington, D. C. 
"My Dear Doctor — Many thanks to you for having written 
'The Evangel.' It is admirably conceived and executed. While 
the poem impresses the truth, it will lure many who would have 
remained uninformed to the valuable instruction contained in the 
Notes. The notes on Darwin, The Logos, Herod, and the miracle 
at Ajalon, are excellent. The poem brings out many scriptural 



truths, which are not on the surface. Let me say, it is a great thing 
to have written the book — to have your labor associated with sal- 
vation." 

The Rev. Robert Lowell, D.D., in the "Church Monthly": 

" Dr Coles is plainly a man of a very religious heart and a deeply 
reverential mind. . . . Moreover he has so much learning in his 
favorite subject, and so much critical instinct and experience, that 
those who can relish honest thinking, and tender and most skillful 
and true deductions, accept his teaching and suggestion with a ready 
— sometimes surprised — sympathy and confidence. Add to all this, 
that he has the sure taste of a poet, and the warm and loving earn- 
estness of a true believer in the redeeming Son of God, and the 
catholic spirit of one who knows with mind and heart that Christian- 
ity at its beginning was Christianity, and we have the man who can 
write such books as earnest Christian people will welcome and be 
thankful for. . . . In this new book he proposes ' that " The Evangel " 
shall be a poetic version, and verse by verse paraphrase, so far as it 
goes, of the Four Gospels, anciently and properly regarded as one.' 
He makes an exquisite plea, in his preface, for giving leave to the 
glad words to rejoice at the Lord's coming in the Flesh, for which all 

other beings and things show their happiness In the notes 

the reader will find (if he have skill for such things) a treasure-house, 
in which everything is worthy of its place. Where he has offered 
new interpretations, or set forth at large interpretations not gener- 
ally received or familiar, he modestly asks only to have place given 
him, and gives every one free leave to differ. Everywhere there is 
the largest and most true-hearted charily. . . . The reader cannot 
open anywhere without finding in these notes, if he be not wiser or 
more learned than ourselves, a great deal that he never saw, or 
never saw so well set forth before." 



Stephen Alexander, LL. D., Professor of Mechanics 

and Astronomy in the College of New Jersey: 

" Princeton, N. J. 
"Abraham Coles, M. D., LL. D.: 

"My Dear Sir — 1 have delayed the acknowledgement of the 
receipt of your beautiful ' Evangel' until I could make some return 
after the same fashion. Please accept my sincere thanks, as well 
as my congratulations on your great success. I am always inter- 
ested in your books, and always learn something from them. 

"With this I send a copy of my ' Statement and Exposition of 
Certain Harmonies of the Solar System,' which I hope may reach 
you safely. Please accept the same, with my respects and regards. 
I think the Notes at the end and the supplement may especially 
interest you." 

Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes : 

" There is a kind of straightforward simplicity about the poetical 
paraphrases which reminds one of the homelier but still always inter- 
esting verses which John Bunyan sprinkles like drops of heavenly 
dew along the pages of the Pilgrim's Progress. The illustrations 
add much to the work, in the way of ornament, and aid to the imag- 
ination. One among them is of terrible power, as it seems to me, 
such as it would be hard to show the equal of in the work of any 
modern artist. I mean Holman Hunt's ' Scapegoat.' There is a 
whole theology in that picture. It haunts me with its fearful sug- 
gestiveness like a nightmare. I find ' The Evangel ' an impressive 
and charming book. It does not provoke criticism — it is too devout, 
too sincere, too thoroughly conscientious in its elaboration to allow 
of fault-finding or fault-hunting." 

William Cullen Bryant : 
' ' I have read ' The Evangel ' with pleasure and satisfaction. The 



versification of the Lord's Prayer is both an expansion of the sense 
and a commentary. The thought has often occurred to me what a 
world of meaning is there wrapped up, and that meaning is admira- 
bly brought out." 

Henry Woodhull Green, LL. D., (1802-1876), Chief 
Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey from 1846 
till i860, when he became Chancellor : 

"Trenton, N. J. 
"Abraham Coles, LL. D., Newark, N. J.: 

" My Dear Sir — I have read as much of ' The Evangel ' during 

the month since I received it as my leisure and the state cf my 

health have permitted. Of its literary merits, I do not feel myself 

qualified to judge, but its perusal has given me great pleasure. I 

have been particularly impressed with the fidelity with which you 

have adhered to the sacred narrative, unmarred by the decorations 

of heathen mythology or papal fable. I regard that as no ordinary 

merit. I can well understand the strong temptation under which a 

man of high classic culture must, in a work of this kind, constantly 

labor, to turn from the stern simplicity of the sacred narrative to 

seek embellishment amid the flowers of classic fiction. To have 

resisted successfully such temptation, I regard as a very high merit; 

and I congratulate you on the production of a work, which, I cannot 

doubt, will redound to your own honor and the honor of our State. 

With high regard, I am, very respectfully yours." 

Charles H. Spurgeon, writing from Westwood, Beulah 
Hill, Upper Norwood, speaks of "The Evangel" as "a 
grand volume," and concludes his affectionate letter 
with the words : 

" Peace be to you, and every blessing. May Scotch Plains be a 



spot wherein Jesus dwells with a happy household. Yours very 
heartily." 

The Hon. William Earl Dodge, (1805-1883), merchant 
and philanthropist, in a letter, written from his resi- 
dence in New York City, to Dr. Coles : 

"Mrs. Dodge and myself have very much enjoyed 'The Evan- 
gel,' having carefully read it. Such perfect conformity to the text 
and spirit of the sacred narrative, so beautifully transferred to 
verse, we have seldom found." 

Thomas Gordon Hake, M. D., author of "Madeline, 

and Other Poems and Parables": 

" 12 Portland place, 
"West Kensington, W., London. 
"I have read 'The Evangel,' and 'The Light of the World,' 
with deep interest, and with assurance that the learning and intelli- 
gence displayed in executing so difficult a work will secure it a 
lasting place in our joint national literature." 

The "New York Observer": 

"The skill of Dr. Coles as an artistic poet, his reverent, religious 
spirit, and the exalted flight of his muse in the regions of holy medi- 
tation are familiar to our readers. It is, therefore, superfluous for 
us to do more than announce a new and elegant volume from his 
pen — ' The Microcosm and Other Poems.' It is rich in its contents. 
'The Microcosm' is an essay in verse on the science of the human 
body ; it is literally the science of physiology condensed into 1,400 
lines. The many occasional poems that follow are the efflorescence 
of a mind sensitive to the beautiful and rejoicing in the true; find- 



ing God in everything, and delighting to trace the revelation of His 
love in all the works of His hand. Such a volume is not to be 
looked at for a moment and then laid aside. Like the great epics, 
it is a book for all time, and will lose none of its interest and value 
by the lapse of years. The publishers have given it a splendid dress, 
and the illustrations add greatly to the attractions of this truly ele- 
gant book." 

The "New York Times": 

" Tha flavor of the book, 'The Microcosm and Other Poems,' is 
most quaint, suggesting, on the religious side, George Herbert, and 
on the naturalistic side, the elder Darwin, who, in ' The Botanic 
Garden,' laid the seed of the revolution in science, accomplished by 
the patient genius of his grandson. Some of the hymns for children 
are beautiful in their simplicity and truth." 

"The Critic": 

"The long poem, 'The Microcosm,' which gives its name to the 
present collection, has many beautiful and stately passages. Among 
the shorter pieces following it, is to be found some of the best devo- 
tional and patriotic poetry that has been written in this country." 

John Y. Foster, author and editor, in " Frank Les- 
lie's Illustrated Newspaper": 

" In this exquisite and brilliantly illustrated volume, the scholarly 
author has gathered up various children of his pen and grouped 
them in family unity. ' The Microcosm,' which forms one-fifth of the 
volume of 350 pages, is an attempt to present, in poetical form, a 
compendium of the science of the human body. In originality of 
conception and felicity of expression, it has not been approached by 
any work of our best modern poets. The other poems are all 
marked by the highest poetic taste, having passages of great beauty 
and power." 



Hon. Justin McCarthy : 

" 20 Cheyne Garden, Chelsea, London, England. 
"Dear Dr. Coles — I am surprised to see, in looking through 
your volume, 'The Microcosm and Other Poems,' that you have been 
able to add three more versions to those you have already made of 
that wonderful Latin hymn, perhaps the greatest of all, 'Dies Iras.' 
Certainly it is one of the most difficult to translate. I like your last 
version especially." 

The " Examiner and Chronicle": 

"The title-poem in this exquisitely printed and charmingly illus- 
trated volume, ' The Microcosm and Other Poems,' has been for some 
time before the public, and has received generous commendation 
for the tact and skill evinced in handling a very unpromising theme. 
A poetic description, minute and thorough going of the human body 
was a serious undertaking; but Dr. Coles delights in what is diffi- 
cult and hazardous. He had already associated his name forever 
with the mediaeval Latin hymn, ' Dies Irae,' by publishing no less than 
thirteen distinct versions of it. In the volume before us he gives 
us three more versions. The other poems will not detract from the 
author's previous reputation." 

Hon. Horace N. Congar, lawyer, editor, United States 
Consul at Hong Kong, China, under President Lincoln; 
and Consul at Prague, Bohemia, under President Grant: 

" United States Consulate, 

" Prague, Bohemia. 
"There is one thing, my dear Doctor, about your publications 
which no one can deny. You print your own poetical thoughts and 
conceptions. They are not copies of some other writer, but stand 



out clear and distinct with your own diction and strength; written- 
for the scholarly and intelligent, they preserve true simplicity with 
the real grandeur of their conception." 

The Rev. William Hague, D. D. (1808-1887), in " Life 
Notes; or Fifty Years' Outlook": 

"The (Newark) 'Advertiser* yet lives and thrives, winning to 
its service the contributions of scholarly writers, among whom we 
have noticed, occasionally, the veteran physician and poet, Dr. 
Abraham Coles, author of 'The Evangel' with its immense wealth 
of critical scholasticism; and the tasteful and rhythmic translator of 
Latin poetry that enriches our libraries, for instance, in the artistic- 
ally wrought edition of the ' Dies Irae.'" 

The " Newark Daily Advertiser": 

" ' The Microcosm' is the only book of the kind in the language, 
and is well deserving of a place in every library, and might, we 
think, moreover, be introduced with advantage into all schools where 
physiology is taught as an adjunct, if nothing else, to stimulate inter- 
est, and relieve the dryness of ordinary text books. In lines of 
flowing and easy verse, the author sets forth with a completeness 
certainly remarkable, and with great power and beauty the incom- 
parable marvels of structure and function of the human body. 

" This poetic mastery, making ductile the most unpromising ma- 
terials, has had its latest and supreme exemplification in the com- 
pletion of the unique work, ' The Life and Teachings of Our Lord, 
in Verse.' ' The Evangel,' forming the first part, appeared in 1874, 
' The Light of the World,' forming the second part and completing 
the work, is now, 18S4, first published. * * * 

" By common consent the story of the life of Jesus, as told by 
the four evangelists, is the unmatched masterpiece of literature. 



Its literary interest is hardly inferior to its religious. It is pre-emi- 
nently classic. The most fervid encomiums have come from infidels 
and the great literary artists of the world. To taboo it, therefore, 
as something outside of literature, betrays ignorance and imbecility. 
Mr. Edwin Arnold has duly celebrated in his poem, 'The Light of 
Asia,' the Buddhist hero, Prince Siddartha, and has had, it would 
seem, readers among all classes. The life and teachings of Him 
who is 'The Light of the World,' and whose fame fills the ages, 
are surely not less worthy of regard and study by the cultiva- 
tors of literature. The author has striven, it would seem, to make 
his book a veritable cyclopaedia of religious knowledge, so compre- 
hensive is its scope. It ranges through the Old Testament and the 
New. An episode in the first part, outlines nearly the whole his- 
tory of the Jewish people. The poetical proem and the note ap- 
pended thereto are in effective antagonism to Darwinism and cur- 
rent evolution theories. An elaborate note on 'The Logos ' gives 
an historical summary of the prevailing creeds and christologies 
from the earliest times. 

" It is not too much to say that it is a book deserving of a place 
beside the New Testament in every household, and cannot fail to 
be found a valuable help to every reader and student of the sacred 
Scriptures." 

The Rev. George Dana Boardman, D. D.: 

"Philadelphia, Pa. 
"My Dear Doctor Coles — Most happy do I count myself in 
possessing 'The Light of the World.' It has all those same fine 
characteristics which so richly mark 'The Evangel.' It must be a 
source of supreme delight to the accomplished author that he has 
been permitted to complete a work so lofty in design, and so admir- 
able in execution." 



Rev, Alfred Spencer Patton, D. D. (1825-1888), author, 
editor of " The Baptist Weekly," etc.: 

"Our good and gifted friend, Dr. Abraham Coles, has every 
reason to be gratified with the highly complimentary notices by 
the press, of his last work, 'The Light of the World,' it being the 
second volume or completion of his life of Jesus, as told by the 
evangelists." 

The Hon. Joseph P. Bradley, LL. D., one of the 
Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States : 

"Washington, D. C, Dec. 14, 1884. 
"Dear Doctor — I have read nearly all of your beautiful book, 
'The Life and Teachings of Our Lord, in Verse,' and like it better 
the longer I read it. You had two rocks to avoid: on one side pro- 
saic tametiess, which might be incurred by too rigid an adherence to 
the text; on the other rashness in attempting (even poetical) changes 
of consecrated forms of expression — changes which no English or 
American ear would endure. I appreciate the difficulty of the task,, 
and think you have performed it wonderfully well." 

John G. Whittier : 

"Amesbury, Mass., January, 1885. 
" 'The Light of the World' I have read with interest. Thy 
poetical version of the wonderful narrative seems to be conscien- 
tiously faithful to the original, while at the same time it success- 
fully interprets some passages which are not clear to the ordinary 
reader. It will be a helpful book to many, who will realize, for the 
first time, the true meaning and significance of the Lord's words* 
I am, with high respect and esteem, thy friend." 



The Right Honorable John Bright, M. P., England : 

" 132 Picadilly, London, April 30, 1885. 
"Dear Dr. Coles — When I began to read your volume on 'The 
Life and Teachings of Christ in Verse/ I thought you had attempted 
to gild the refined gold, and would fail — as I proceeded in my read- 
ing that idea gradually disappeared, and I discovered that you had 
brought the refined gold together in a manner convenient and useful 
and deeply interesting. I have read the volume with all its notes, 
many of which seem to me of great value. I could envy you the 
learning and the industry that have enabled you to produce this 
remarkable work. I hope it may have many readers in all countries 
"where our language is spoken." 



The Rev. Henry Griggs Weston, D. D., author and 
editor, President of the Crozer Theological Seminary, 
Chester, Pennsylvania : 

"Your work, 'The Life and Teachings of Our Lord,' is one of 
the gratifying fruits of the study which the Gospels have received 
since I first began to inquire for helps to their understanding." 

The Rev. Horatius Bonar, D. D.: 

" 10 Palmerston Road, Grange, Edinburgh. 
* * * * "J am struck with your command of language, and 
your skill in clothing the simplicities of history with the elegance of 
poetry. It (' The Life and Teachings of Our Lord in Verse') is no 
ordinary volume, and your notes are of a very high order indeed — 
admirably written, and full of philosophical thought and Scriptural 
research." 



The Rev. Alexander McLaren, D. D.: 

" Manchester, Eng., Nov. 3, 1885. 
"Dear Sir — I congratulate you on having accomplished with such 
success a most difficult undertaking; and on having been able to 
present the inexhaustible life in a form so new and original. I do 
not know whether I have been most struck by the careful and fine 
exegetical study, or the graceful versification of your work. I trust 
it (' The Life and Teachings of Our Lord in Verse') may be use- 
ful, not only in attracting the people, which George Herbert thought 
could be caught with a song, when they would run from a ser- 
mon, but may also help lovers of the sermon to see its subject in a 
new garb." 

Adele M. Fielde, missionary at Swatow, China : 

" Those whose judgment is of value have given Dr. Coles' trans- 
lations of the Latin hymns such high praise, that words of commend- 
ation from me would appear presumptuous. I am glad, for the 
world's sake, that the wonderful Latin hymns were written, and that 
Dr. Coles has so translated them, and I am glad for my own sake 
that I have them to read. * * * * I think Dr. Coles has done 
an excellent thing for us in his ' Life and Teachings of Our Lord.' " 

Elizabeth Clementine Kinney, author and poet, wife 
of Hon. William Burnet Kinney; and, by her first 
husband, Edmund B. Stedman, the mother of Edmund 
Clarence Stedman, the distinguished poet and critic : 

"Dr. Coles long ago established a high reputation in both worlds, 
by his matchless translations of that famous old judgment hymn, 
the 'Dies Irse,' and of mediaeval hymns, published under the title of 
'Old Gems in New Settings;' also by his unique original poem. 



" The Microcosm,' which has glorified by immortal verse this mortal 
body, so fearfully and wonderfully made that every part harmonizes 
-with the poet's song. In 'The Evangel' and 'The Light of the 
World,' already noticed by 'The Observer,' while conscientiously 
adhering to the sacred text, Dr. Coles' frequent elaborate notes give 
freedom to some original suggestions growing out of the author's 
fifty years' devout study of the Bible. It will be well to heed any 
proposition brought forward by one who has been so long a reverent 
student as to have become a profound thinker, and thus an able 
teacher of the divine word. Every thought or idea advanced by 
Dr. Coles will, doubtless, on thorough, unprejudiced investigation, 
be found supported by a reasonable interpretation of Scripture. 
Between the acts of this sacred drama there are also some hymnal 
excursions, which show the height and depth, the color and light, 
the melody and ecstasy, of the true Christian poet. Through his 
many works, one noble aim is ever apparent, viz.: to 'crown Him 
Lord of all ' who is ' the author and finisher of our faith ' and ' the 
giver of every good and perfect gift.' Noticeable, too, through all, 
is progression, in respect of enlargement by study and thought ; 
of advancement with advancing years, keeping pace with the age 
in increasing light so far as it develops heavenly truth, and 
original conception through truth." 

"The Book Buyer," Charles Scribner's Sons, New 

York: 

"'The Hebrew Psalms in English Verse.' By Abraham Coles, 
M. D., LL. D. Dr. Coles has won praise from some of the most 
eminent of critics for his translations into English of the ' Dies 
Iras,' the characteristics of the work being faithfulness to the spirit 
of the original, combined with a command of rich and rythmic Eng- 
lish. His tastes have led him to translate the great Hebrew classic 
into English verse, a task of unusual difficulty which many have 



undertaken, but in which few have attained even partial success. 
Dr. Coles's work will attract wide attention by reason of its lofty reli- 
gious spirit, its admirable reflection of the incomparably fine flavor 
of the original, its dignified, stately diction and the scholarly care 
bestowed upon every line. The book, moreover, has an additional 
value in the prefatory matter which includes an essay on the char- 
acter of the Psalms, a detailed account of the French, English and 
Scotch metrical versions of the Psalms and a chapter of interesting 
notes, critical, historical and biographical. An admirable steel 
portrait of Dr. Coles serves as a frontispiece to the book." 

Rev. Theodore L. Cuyler, D. D., LL. D.: 

" Dear Dr. Coles — Your volume on the Psalms is a noble work,. 
and the introduction is rich and sweet as a honeycomb. Two Sab- 
baths ago I gave out from my pulpit your fine hymn, ' Lo, I am with 
you all the days,' and told the congregation some things about the 
author. * * * * You will be quite at home up among heaven's 
choir of psalmists and chosen singers." 

The " New York Tribune ": 

" 'A New Rendering of the Hebrew Psalms into English Verse,, 
with Notes, Critical, Historical and Biographical, including an 
Historical Sketch of the French, English and Scotch Metrical 
Versions,' by Dr. Abraham Coles. Dr. Coles' name on the 
title-page is a sufficient indication of the excellence and thorough- 
ness of the work done. Indeed, Dr. Coles has done much more 
than produce a fresh, vigorous and harmonious version of the 
Psalms, though this was alone well worth doing. His full and schol- 
arly notes on the early versions of Clement Marot, Sternhold and 
Hopkins and others, his sketches of eminent persons connected in- 
various ways with particular psalms, his literary and bibliographical 



information, together impart a value and interest to this work 
which should insure an extensive circulation for it. Very much of 
the historical and other matter thus brought within the reach of the 
public is inaccessible to such as have not means of access to public 
libraries, and there is certainly no Christian household in the coun- 
try which would not find both pleasure and instruction in Dr. 
Coles' compendious and altogether unique volume. It may be 
added that in his version of the Psalms he has wisely preserved the 
rhythmical swing and the terse language which distinguish the early 
renderings, and that therefore those who have been reared on the 
old versions need not fear finding their favorites changed ' out of 
knowledge.' " 

The Rev. Frederic W. Farrar, D. D., F. R. S., Chap- 
lain in Ordinary to the Queen, author of the " Life of 
Christ," etc., in a letter to Dr. Coles : 

" 17, Dean's Yard, Westminster, S. W. 
"The task of versifying the Psalms was too much even for 
Milton, but you have attempted it with seriousness and with as 
much success as seems to be possible. I was much interested in 
your introduction." 

The Rev. A. H. Tuttle, D. D., pastor of the First 
Methodist Episcopal Church, Wilkesbarre, Pa.: 

" 'The Life and Teachings of Our Lord, in verse,' has greatly 
aided me in my efforts to interpret heavenly things. I am glad you 
have lived to complete your versification of the Psalms. I am now 
making a protracted and careful study of the old Hebrew Hymn 
Book, and your work will be of untold help to me. I have already 
read my favorite psalms as you sing them. They are rich beyond 
expression." 



The Rev. Charles S. Robinson, D. D. : 

"I have read many of your really excellent versions of the 
Psalms. It seems to me you have added richly to our available 
literature in that direction. I have been specially interested, also, 
in the prefaced notes. Some of the information is quite new to me, 
and the comments are all good and helpful." 

Hon. George Hay Stuart, the eminent philanthropist 
in January, i883, wrote from Philadelphia : 

"'The New Rendering of the Hebrew Psalms into English 
Verse,' I prize very much. It is exceedingly good and very suggest- 
ive. The subject matter is of peculiar interest to me. I have been 
brought up, as perhaps you know, in old Rouse's version of the 
Psalms, but never held the view, that many do, that nothing else can 
be sung in the praise of God. Our own congregation, up to recently, 
used nothing but that version. Now we have so far advanced that 
we sing, also, hymns and spiritual songs. * * * * The United 
Presbyterian Assembly has recently adopted a new version of the 
Psalms, but I think their leading men ought to see this version." 

The Rev. D. R. Frazer, D. D., pastor of the First 
Presbyterian Church, of Newark, N. j.: 

" My Dear Dr. Coles — I do not know that I can give any better 
expression of my appreciation of your last work than to say that my 
wife and I sat up until after midnight, reading psalm after psalm 
with very great delight. The versification is beautiful, and its beauty 
intensifies by its fidelity to the common version. Hoping the book 
may do much good, in making manifest the beauties of one of the 
most beautiful portions of the Word of God, I am, with great 
respect, ever sincerely yours." 



Charles M. Davis, Secretary of the American Institute 
of Christian Philosophy, Superintendent of Public 
Schools, Essex county, N. J., etc.: 

" Dear Dr. Coles — During the past year I have been reading the 
revised version of the Psalms, in connection with the received. 
Your translations will be a help to me, as I do not understand 
Hebrew. I have read your introduction very carefully, and find it 
contains especially valuable information, as do, also, your occasional 
notes. The psalms that I have read aloud in the family have been 
greatly enjoyed, especially the 107th, 136th and 137th. We are 
anticipating much pleasure from the continuance of this during the 
winter evenings." 

The Rev. A. H. Lewis, D. D., editor of "The Outlook 
and Sabbath Quarterly": 

" I have been greatly interested in the book, not only in the 
success which you have attained in versifying the Psalms, but in the 
valuable matter embodied in the introduction. I have usually found 
it difficult to interest myself in any versification of the Psalms, 
especially in the early efforts by Watts and others. On opening 
your volume, I found myself inclined to read in detail, rather than to 
examine cursorily. It is very difficult to versify Hebrew poetry. 
The success you have attained in expressing the delicate shades of 
sentiment commands our congratulations, and may justly give you 
abundant satisfaction." 

S. W. Kershaw, F. S. A., author, librarian of the 
Lambeth Palace Library, London, England, etc.: 

"Lambeth Library, 12 June, 1888. 

" * * * * In this library there is a fine collection of works 
on the liturgies, prayer-book, etc. In your ' New Rendering of the 



Hebrew Psalms Into English Verse,' I am greatly interested in the 
introduction, in reading about the psalms of Clement Marot, and in 
the allusion to the Huguenots. My little book on the ' Protestants 
from France in their English home' was kindly reviewed in one 
of your papers. * * * * " 



J. K. Hoyt, editor and author: 

" Bay View, Florida. 

"Dear Dr. Coles — I have passed a very pleasant Sunday morn- 
ing in looking over your new book. I wish you had invoked the spirit 
of Beethoven, and written the music as well as the words; for the 
proper use of a metrical version of the Psalms is to sing them. 
Still, the book is a wonderful one, and encourages me to believe that 
age is not necessarily a bar to work. I enjoy the notes much, 
and very often find myself turning from the essay to the verses 
referred to. You will leave a melodious monument behind you, my 
good Doctor." 



The Rev. George Dana Boardman, D. D.: 

" My Dear Dr. Coles — I greatly admire your new book for many 
reasons : first, for its rich introduction, felicitously describing the 
character of the Psalms, giving us an exhaustive history of metrical 
versions, presenting critical, historical and biographical notes of great 
value ; secondly, for your new rendering of the Psalms, a rendering 
conscientious, melliflHous, fresh and suggestive; thirdly, and not least, 
for the frontispiece, representing one who has both the David spirit 
and the David music. Faithfully yours." 



The Rev. Lewis R. Dunn, D. D. : 

" I like the 'rhythmic flow' of the words of your work, its truths, 
its thorough orthodoxy, its blending of the results of most recent 
scholarship in lines and notes, its beautiful illustrations of the text, 
and its high intellectual and spiritual tone — a classic in our good 
old English tongue." 



Asahel Clark Kendrick, D. D., LL. D., author, Pro- 
fessor of Hebrew, Greek and Latin in the University of 
Rochester, New York : 

" In your translation of the Hebrew Psalms into English verse, 
you may well be congratulated in having thus nobly crowned 
your series of poems devoted to those themes, which aid the aspir- 
ations of the soul upward toward God and heaven, and may well 
task the highest human efforts. The renderings are in clear 
and weighty verse, fitted to the noble simplicity of the original ; and 
the notes are instructive and valuable." 



George MacDonald, author and poet : 

"London, England. 
"My dear Doctor Coles. — I send you by this post a copy of 
my little book on the religious poetry of England. I am sure you 
will find a good deal to sympathize with in it. * * * I am sorry 
to say I have not yet received your book, which I should like muck 
to see after the taste you gave me, sheltered and ministered unto 
by you and yours. Let me hope I may once more be your guest, 
and that you may be ours. Believe in my love and gratitude. 
Yours, with sincere affection." 



The Rev. Philip Schaff, D. D., LL. D., in " Literature 
and Poetry," Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1890 : 

" A physician, Abraham Coles, prepared between 1847 and 1859: 
thirteen versions (of the 'Dies Irae'), six of which are in the trochaic 
measure and double rhyme of the original, five in the same rhythm, 
but in single rhyme, one in iambic triplets, like Roscommon's, the 
last in quatrains, like Crashaw's version. Two appeared anony. 
mously in the Newark ' Daily Advertiser,' the first one in 1847, 
and a part of it found its way into Mrs. Stowe's 'Uncle Tom's 
Cabin ; ' subsequently this version was set to music in Henry 
Ward Beecher's ' Plymouth Collection of Hymns and Tunes.' 
The thirteen versions were first published together with an in- 
troduction in 1859. He has since published three additional ver- 
sions in double rhyme, New York, 1881, in 'The Microcosm and 
Other Poems.' In August, 1889, he made one more version in 
single rhyme and four lines. These seventeen versions show a 
rare fertility and versatility, and illustrate the possibilities of 
variation, without altering the sense. Dr. Coles, in the eleventh 
stanza of his first translation of 1847, had anticipated Irons, 
Peries, and Dix: 

" ' Righteous Judge of retribution, 
Make me gift of absolution 
Ere that day of execution.' 

* * * "Dr. Abraham Coles, of Scotch Plains, N. J., the suc- 
cessful translator of ' Dies Irse,' and ' Stabat Mater,' has reproduced, 
but has not yet (1889), published, all the passion hymns of St. 
Bernard." 



From the New York "Tribune": 

"Dr. Abraham Coles, who died suddenly at the Hotel del 
Monte, near Monterey, California, May 3, 1891, from heart com- 
plication following an attack of La Grippe, was widely known as 
a scholar, author and linguist. He was born at Scotch Plains, 
N. J., December 26, 1813, and spent the last years of his life there 
on his beautiful place (Deerhurst), which was much resorted to 
by literary and professional people. For more than fifty years he 
pursued his literary studies and work, and became proficient in 
Greek, Latin, Hebrew, Sanskrit and the modern languages." 

From the "Newark Daily Advertiser": 

"As one of the founders of the Newark Library, and the New 
Jersey Historical Society, and on account of his active efforts in the 
promotion of the religious, educational and scientific development 
of the city of Newark, the memory of Dr. Abraham Coles will be 
cherished with lasting affection and respect. 

The Rev. Robert S. MacArthur, D. D.: 

"Few men have recently died whose position and work were 
so unique as those of Dr. Abraham Coles. Seldom are so many 
elements of power united in a single man. He was a distinguished 
member of the medical profession. His poetical genius was as rare 
as it was genuine. There is no kind of literary fame so enduring as 
the authorship of a noble hymn. As the author of the hymn begin- 
ning, 'From Thee Begetting Sure Conviction,' his name will live, 
even as he has described the presence of the Master as continuing 
with His people, 'All the Days. All the Days.' We sang that hymn 
in the Calvary Church when we first entered our new church home. 
We sing it on many of our anniversary occasions. Other hymns 
which he has written are doubtless equally as good, but this one has 
for me a peculiar charm. 



"Many of his translations of the Psalms are worthy to perpetuate 
his name to remote generations. I love to read them aloud that I 
may get the full force of their rhythm, as well as the sweet influ- 
ence of their divine thought. His knowledge of general literature 
and especially of Latin hymnology gives him a special place in the 
thought and affection of students of the early days of the Christian 
Church." 

The Rev. Edward Judson, D. D.: 

" I loved and admired Dr. Abraham Coles very much. I have 
read with deepest interest whatever I have been able to secure from 
his graceful pen. His rendering of the Psalms I prize most highly." 

Bishop John H. Vincent, D. D., LL. D., Chancellor 
of the Chautauqua University: 

"Dr. Abraham Coles was a magnificent man, physically, intel- 
lectually and spiritually; he was one among ten thousand. Who 
can doubt the great doctrine of immortality in the presence of such 
a life." 

The Rt. Rev. Phillips Brooks, D. D., LL. D., Bishop of 
the Diocese of Massachusetts: 

"All that concerns Dr. Abraham Coles is of great interest to me, 
for I have long known his work and valued it." 

The Rt. Rev. John Williams, D. D., LL. .D, Bishop of 
the Diocese of Connecticut, Chancellor of Trinity Col- 
lege, etc.: 

" I honored and reverenced Dr. Abraham Coles. I always read 
his delightful writings with pleasure and profit. There was an 
aroma of purity and godly grace about them that was particularly 
attractive. The world is richer for such a life as his, and poorer 
for his loss." 






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